Marijuana legalization Research outline Essay

Topic Sentence: Like alcohol in the 1920s, marijuana should be legalized because doing so would not only reduce crime, but make the substance more reliable and safer and would generate tax dollars. Background/History: Why is marijuana illegal? Why is it legal in some states and not in others? Marijuana became widely criminalized in 1937 when congress passed the â€Å"Marijuana Tax Act† 1 as a result of a national propaganda campaign against the substance. Harry J. Anslinger 1 led the campaign as the first commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1930 to 1962. He used the themes of racism and violence to cause widespread hatred and fear of the drug in order to make it illegal. He was often quoted saying â€Å"Colored students at the Univ. of Minn. partying with (white) female students, smoking [marijuana] and getting their sympathy with stories of racial persecution. Result: pregnancy† and â€Å"Two Negros took a girl fourteen years old and kept her for two days under the influence of hemp. Upon recovery she was found to be suffering from syphilis.† 2 In 1996, Proposition 215 was passed in California and this allowed for the medical use of marijuana. Since then, 22 other states, D.C, and Guam have enacted similar laws. These laws have now decriminalized possession and/or legalized medical marijuana in the state. 1 How is it similar to the prohibition era before and after? It is similar to the prohibition era in that both the prohibition of alcohol and the prohibition of marijuana were country wide bans on the substance that carried some form of legal punishment for their sale, use, and/or possession. In contrast, the ban on alcohol was created as a result of legislators claiming that the grains needed to distill alcohol were needed for food as the country was at war. Then in December of 1917, the US congress enacted a permanent ban on the sale, transportation, importation, and exportation of alcoholic beverages. Similarly to supporters of marijuana prohibition, supporters of alcohol prohibition claimed that as a result, the  nation would become an overall healthier country and that crime rates would fall. In addition, the average worker’s productivity was supposed to increase, leading to greater economic prosperity for the US as a whole. However, none of these claims came true. Instead of promoting the nation’s health, the new alcohol made illegally was far worse for people and was often much higher in alcohol content. In addition, crime increased since illegal activity was required to make and distribute the newly illegal drug. Criminal activity then became organized as the benefit for large criminal enterprises to murder people and bribe public officials and law enforcement officers to move the bootleg brew became too tempting. Worker productivity failed to increase and jails quickly filled with people convicted of minor violations of the ban, which cost millions to enforce. In 1933, the prohibition of alcohol ended, causing a reduction in crime and creating many new jobs in the expanding liquor industry. 3 (Medical Uses/Benefits:) Although the Food and Drug administration have not supported the legalization for medical marijuana, doctors and researchers have found that the use of marijuana provides relief for many medical conditions and illnesses. According to the American cancer Society the use of smoked marijuana is not considered medicine (â€Å"The FDA’s Opposition to Medical Marijuana Legalization is based on science† 1). The reason the American Cancer Society believes that smoking marijuana cannot be used as a medicine because of the result of the damage to the lungs. (What are the medical benefits of marijuana?) OPPOSITION: National medical associations like the American Medical Association, American Cancer Society and the American Academy of Pediatrics do not endorse the use of smoked marijuana as a means of medicine. This is because there is not enough evidence to justify its medical use. Under the Controlled Substances Act, marijuana is listed as a schedule I substance. Substances that are placed in that category indicate that they have â€Å"a high potential for abuse, [have] no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and [have] a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.† 8 Marijuana then, being classified as such, has no medical value. That makes it quite difficult for scientist to study any potential medical uses, since  medical trials require permission from federal agencies like the FDA. With numerous conditions on researchers, it deters the researchers from conducting such studies. Although these associations do not advocate the use of inhaled or smoked marijuana as medicine, they do incite for more research to be done. While recreational usage of marijuana remains controversial, many people agree that the drug should be legal for medical uses. There are at least two active chemicals that researchers believe have medicinal benefits. One is CBD, which has medical effects without a high and THC, which has pain-relieving properties. One of the most well known uses is in the treatment of the eye disease â€Å"glaucoma†, which increases pressure in the eyeball, damaging the optic nerve and causing loss of vision. According to the National Eye Institute, â€Å"Studies in the early 1970s showed that marijuana, when smoked, lowered intraocular pressure in people with normal pressure and those with glaucoma.† These effects are shown to slow the progression of the disease, preventing blindness. 4 5 Legal: What states have enacted bills regarding the legalization of marijuana? The first states to act were Colorado and Washington, both of which made the possession, cultivation, and use of marijuana legal in 2012 in addition to allowing sellers to obtain licenses to legally distribute the drug. Next came Alaska and Oregon in 2014 with similar laws that have already legalized the possession, cultivation, and use of marijuana but not necessarily the sale. In addition, 23 other states have either decriminalized cannabis possession and/or legalized medical cannabis. 6 Can marijuana be regulated like alcohol is? Does regulating marijuana make it safer? How much revenue and tax dollars has the legalization in certain states brought in. Based on current results in states that have legalized marijuana, the substance can be regulated like alcohol and regulation in fact makes it safer for consumption. Using Colorado as an example, not much has changed on the surface but the proof can be found in data reported about the state after a full year in which adults were allowed to purchase and grow marijuana legally in the state. According to state data, possession charges for the drug, which were at 30,000 in 2010, are expected to total below 2,500 for the year 2014. As for the regulation, the rules enforced by the Colorado Department of Revenue caused the state to bring in more than $40 million in  marijuana taxes alone, a majority of which will go towards efforts to prevent the use of the drug by youths and the promotion of overall mental health. Traffic fatalities are also near historic lows, and since the legalization have continued to drop. Colorado is also now seen as a state with one of the fastest growing economies as the unemployment rate is at its lowest since 2008, which is well below the national average.7 Conclusion: Efforts to legalize marijuana as medicine in the United States has grown significantly in recent years and will continue to grow. With modern technology becoming more and more state-of-the-art, the hope for medical marijuana to be nationally recognized, as a form of medical treatment remains strong. The legalization of marijuana will reduce crime activity, provide better treatment for certain diseases or illness, and could save the country up to 14 billion dollars per year in government spending enforcement. The billions of dollars being thrown away on marijuana prohibition is not going to make this huge market go away but will cause the bloodshed that inevitably comes with prohibition, just as it did during America’s hapless experiment with alcohol. Bibliography 1. â€Å"Marijuana Timeline.† PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2015. . 2. Inciardi, James A. â€Å"The War on Drugs: Heroin, Cocaine, Crime and Public Policy. Palo Alto,.† Inciardi, James A. The War on Drugs: Heroin, Cocaine, Crime and Public Policy. Palo Alto,. Mayfield, 1986. Web. 11 Apr. 2015. . 3. â€Å"The Prohibition Era.† The Prohibition Era. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2015. . 4. â€Å"What Is CBD?† Project CBD. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. . 5. Loria, Jennifer Welsh and Kevin. â€Å"23 Health Benefits Of Marijuana.† Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 20 Apr. 2014. Web. 12 Apr. 2015. . 6. â€Å"Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia

Air Canada essay

Assignment: International trade of Canadian companies: Company information Name: Air Canada Products/Services offered: As Canada’s largest airline and the world’s tenth-largest passenger airline by number of destinations, it offers direct passenger service to more than 175 destinations on five different continents. Air Canada is an airline offering air transport to diverse customers. Customers can pay premiums for first-class seats while others may chose to travel as economy class. The company’s primary function again is to offer air travel while other revenues stream from commodity sales abord air crafts. Brief History:Air Canada originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which inaugurated its first flight on September 1, 1937. By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline; it changed its name to Air Canada. The significance of this is that the government’s commissioning of the original company p latformed it’s future success. The airline was fully privatized in 1989 (made independent from the government). After an unofficial monopolization of the company’s extent, In 2001 Air Canada began meeting new rivals. One example of a newer company that sprouted after this period was Canadian Airlines.All in all because of the outreach of the company’s operations on national and international levels, it became so strong that In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated its 70th anniversary. Size: Operating revenues (Canadian dollars in millions): $ 12,120 Revenue per passenger miles (millions) (RPM): $ 55,646 Headquarters: La Rondelle (â€Å"The Puck† in French); a 7 story building that serves as the corporate headquarters of Air Canada, located on the grounds of Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint-Laurent,Montreal, near Dorval.The largest hub: Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly employs 106,000 people, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community, One of the largest private employers of the country.Subsidiaries of the company: Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Vacations, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz, and Air Canada Rouge. Fleet: The Air Canada fleet consists of 204 aircraft (as of December 2012). All aircraft are fitted with the new interiors, except three Boeing 767-300ERs. The new interior is a revamp of the cabin and has new installation of individual video displays in both Executive First and Economy classes. The majority of the widebody aircraft (B767, B777, A330) operates between Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. Aircraft |Total | |Airbus A319-100 |37 | |Airbus A320-200 |41 | |Airbus A321-200 |10 | |Airbus A330-300 |8 | |Boeing 767-300ER |30 | |Boeing 777-200LR |6 | |Boeing 777-300ER |12 | |Boeing 787-8 |— | |Embraer175 |13 | |Embraer190 |45 | Number of in-craft employees: Approximately 27,000 employees (over 6,800 flight attendants) Extent of International Business Air Canada provides scheduled passenger service directly to 59 Canadian cities, 55 destinations in the U. S and 64 cities in other international locations. In terms of facilities outside of Canada, Air canada operates in 119 places. In itself the company is a global organization.Air Canada’s international strategy is helped through membership with Star Alliance as it strengthens market presence in Central America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India. Air canada is attracting international revenues. Its extensive and expanding through its global network with its modern air fleet. Industry-leading on-board products and services, lounges and airport facilities are among the advantages that bring international success to Air Canada. Air Canada is Canada’s largest domestic, U. S. transborder and international airline and the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U. S. transborder market and in the international market to and from Canada. Domestic, U. S. ransborder and international departures accounted for approximately 66%, 26% and 8%, respectively, of the 1,520 average daily departures in 2012. Air Canada also carried close to 35 million revenue passengers and provided passenger service to 178 direct destinations across it’s five continents. Statistics Taken: (Bibliography): Air Canada Main, Air Canada Financial Report: http://www. aircanada. com/en/about/acfamily/index. html Skies Magzine News: http://skiesmag. com/news/articles/17097-air-canada-turns-75-with-a-nod-to-history. html CUPE National: http://cupe. ca/air-canada/a4a280dbf06baf Statistics Canada: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som /l01/cst01/trans01a-eng. htm

Two Generations Apart

Josephine Hong 031 Term Paper June 6, 2011 Two Generations Apart Throughout time, literature has always been used as an outlet for debate and discussion of structural flaws. Thus, the poets of the Romantic period sought to change society’s neoclassic state of mind by breaking away from reliance on reasoning and instead encouraging individualism, using imagination and emotion as inspiration. Initially, Romantic poetry became the antithesis of classical poety as the poets soley challenged the established precepts of the Age of Reason by creating their own manifesto of composing poetry. However, as the English began to revolt against the principles of the French Revolution, which originally sparked this movement, a new generation of poets evolved. Rather than only focusing on defying the works of Neoclassic times, these poets strove to attack the established social order of their time. As this generation of poets longed for social and political stability, they began to reach out to artworks of the past to give them hope for a better future. Despite the common, underlying themes of emotion, nature, and imagination in Romantic poetry, two distinct generations arose during this period as the first-generation Romantics strictly focused on establishing a new form of poetry that differed from their Neoclassic counterparts, while the second-generation Romantics used poetry as a vessel to explore the relationship between art and life. During the Romantic Period, poets from both generations challenged man’s reliance on rationality as they began to emphasis emotions over reason. As this shift occurred, the search for a creative force or spirit that lies only within a man’s inner self became apparent in the works of Romantic poets. In one of his poems, William Wordsworth seeks this supreme force as he cries out, â€Å"Wisdom and Spirit of the universe! / Thou Soul, that art the Eternity of thought! † (â€Å"Influence of Natural Objects†, lines 1-2, RPO). He personifies the universe and seeks its power to draw out this inner spirit within him, for the universe can shape and fill his mind with purifying images of natural beauty. Similarly, Samuel Coleridge describes â€Å"[his] feeling heart, [his] searching soul† as he dedicates himself to this great, unknown force (â€Å"Ode to Tranquillity†, line 26, Columbia Grangers). He hopes to â€Å"trace/ The greatness of some future race† through this spirit â€Å"within [himself]† rather than â€Å"scan/? The present works of present man–†¦/Too foolish for a tear, too wicked for a smile† (â€Å"Ode to Tranquillity†, lines 31-33, Columbia Grangers). As the Romantic poets began to focus on the power of human emotions, they rejected the authoritative precepts of their classical precedents who concentrated greatly on logic and reasoning. Wordsworth rebukes society’s reliance on rationality as he says, â€Å"Enough of Science and of Art;/ Close up those barren leaves;/ Come forth, and bring with you a heart/ That watches and receives† (â€Å"The Tables Turned†, lines 29-32, RPO). He strongly urges his friend to turn away from meaningless books and learn through feeling the heart. Thus, the Romantics surpassed logical reasoning by expanding their knowledge through the use of imagination as a gateway to express their emotions. Personifying a cloud, Percy Shelley uses first person narrative as he imagines a cloud’s experience in nature. To the cloud, the moon becomes an â€Å"orbed maiden with white fire laden† who â€Å"glides glimmering o'er [the cloud’s] fleece-like floor† (â€Å"The Cloud†, lines 45-47, RPO). Shelley introduces a new point of view to his readers that allows them to emotionally identify with natural objects around them rather than to analyze. The Romantic poets â€Å"called for a greater attention to the emotions as a necessary supplement to purely logical reason† (Flesch 2). As poets began to emphasis the significance of emotions during this time, a new focus emerged among British poets. Usually overlooked by the materialistic society of their time, nature became the key focus for the Romantic poets. These poets sought nature as place to explore fundamental aspects of human nature away from society’s hectic atmosphere. In one of his poems, Wordsworth states that â€Å"The elements of feeling and of thought† can only be purified â€Å"With life and nature† and â€Å"Not with the mean and vulgar works of Man† (â€Å"Influence of Natural Objects†, lines 8 ; 10-11, RPO). He conveys an aversion to materialistic goods, for he believes that these objects only distract one from truly discovering oneself. Romantics then attempted to show that even simple and insignificant parts of nature, if approached correctly, had the ability to expand one’s mind. Thus, Wordsworth depicts how not only †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ did Nature link/ The human soul that through [him] ran†, but also â€Å"†¦grieve [his] heart to think/ What man has made of man† (â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring†, lines 5-8, Bartleby). â€Å"While in a grove [he] sat reclined†, Wordsworth was able to see the negative effects of industrialism by its contrast to nature’s beauty (â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring†, lines 2, Bartleby). Similarly, Coleridge asks a skylark to â€Å"Teach [him], Sprite or Bird,/ What sweet thoughts are thine† (â€Å"To a Skylark†, lines 61-62, RPO). Despite the small size of this bird, Coleridge glorifies it as he seeks its guidance to help expand his perspective. As nature became a source of inspiration, the Romantics focused on the concept of the sublime to not only instill terror but also elevate admiration for the natural world. In â€Å"Influence of Natural Objects,† Wordsworth asserts nature’s way of â€Å"†¦sanctifying by such discipline/ Both pain and fear, — until [people] recognize/ A grandeur in the beatings of the heart† (lines 12-14, RPO). He conveys the idea that through nature’s awe-inspiring power humanity can comprehend the significance of life. Nature became the subject of Romantic poetry as poets sought in its beauty an insight of their soul. The first-generation poets became â€Å"rebels† as they attacked and broke away from the artificial and formal styles of the Age of Reason. These poets established that good poetry should arise from spontaneous flashes of insight, sparked by actual events, which ultimately became the topic of most of their poems. After revisiting a certain location, Wordsworth creates a poem on impulse as he â€Å"Once again/ †¦ [beholds] these steep and lofty cliffs† (â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, lines 4-5, RPO). Likewise, Coleridge produces a poem after a visit from his friends as he laments that â€Å"†¦they are gone, and here must [he] remain† at home, unable to walk with them through nature (â€Å"This Lime-tree Bower my Prison†, line 1, RPO). By spontaneously creating poetry, both these poets are able to break away from the previous Neoclassic precept of strictly, structured poetry. Furthermore, the first-generation poets strayed away from using complex, elaborate expressions like their Neoclassic counterparts and instead used simple, everyday language. In â€Å"Lines Written in Early Spring,† Wordsworth uses common, sylvan words rather than complicated, lofty language to illustrate nature. He writes that â€Å"The birds around [him] hopped and played† and â€Å"The budding twigs spread out their fan, / To catch the breezy air† (lines 13 ; 18-19, RPO). By using such diction, Wordsworth knows that his readers can easily visualize and understand his poem, leaving a more permanent impact in their minds. Finally, the first-generation poets used imagination to contrast the dry intellectualism of the Age of Reason. In his poem â€Å"This Lime-tree Bower my Prison,† Coleridge imagines his â€Å"Friends†¦ /On springy heath, along the hill-top edge† because he cannot physically join them (lines 6-7, RPO). By visioning this imaginary scene, he emancipates himself from the tyranny of conventions and literary rules of the Neoclassic Era, for his imagination cannot be controlled. The first-generation Romantics’ ultimate goal was to liberate themselves from the authoritative ways of the previous era. Unlike the Neoclassic poets who greatly focused on the society as a whole, the first-generation poets became more concerned with the individual. Thus, rustic life generally became the topic of these poets, who believed that only in this humble setting could one truly discover basic thoughts and feelings. In â€Å"Influence of Natural Objects,† Wordsworth states how â€Å"By day or star-light, thus from [his] first dawn/ Of childhood [did nature] intertwine for [him]/ The passions that build up [the] human soul† (lines 5-7, RPO). He expresses the idea of nature establishing a connection between his emotions and spirit, allowing him to recognize the elemental feelings that engender the human soul. Likewise, Coleridge realizes that nature â€Å"†¦may well employ/ Each faculty of sense, and keep the heart/ Awake to Love and Beauty! † (â€Å"This Lime-tree Bower my Prison†, line 64-66, RPO). As he sits and imagines a walk through nature, he is reminded of how human senses and feelings come alive in nature’s environment. The first-generation poets then centered around the common man, who typically lived closer to and interacted more with the unseen spirit of nature that the poets seeked. In one of his poems, Wordsworth apostrophizes a Highland girl and praises her â€Å"†¦mien, or face,/ In which more plainly [he] could trace/ Benignity and home-bred sense/ Ripening in perfect innocence† (â€Å"To a Highland Girl†, lines 24-26, RPO). Moreover, this girl’s humble upbringing attracts Wordsworth as he wishes â€Å"†¦here to dwell/ Beside [her] in some heathy dell† and â€Å"Adopt [her] homely ways† (â€Å"To a Highland Girl†, lines 49-51, RPO). By degrees, the first-generation Romantics appealed not to the logical mind, but to the complete self, in the whole scope of senses, emotions and intellectual abilities. Despite the first-generation’s initial deviation from the use of artifice, the second-generation Romantics began to value art over nature admist the escalating social conflicts of their time. Rather than finding inspiration in nature, the second-generation poets became moved by literature and artwork from the past. John Keats writes an ode to a urn that expresses â€Å"A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme† (â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†, line 4, RPO). He asserts that the story this urn portrays is far more superior to the poetry of his time. Likewise, he writes a poem about his reaction to reading George Chapman’s translation of Homer. He describes how he â€Å"then felt†¦like some watcher of the skies/ When a new planet swims into his ken†, for Chapman’s translation opened up a new perspective for Keats that broadened his intellect. Moreover, the latter poets of the Romantic era sought the art of the past as inspiration for hope amid the chaos of the world surrounding them. In â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn,† Keats concludes that â€Å"When old age, shall this generation waste,/ [the urn shall] remain, in midst of other woe† (lines 46-47, RPO). He places faith in the urn to remain and tell its story despite the decay of his own generation. Earlier art becomes crucial for the second-generation poets as it allowed the poets to escape the turmoils of their time. The second-generation Romantics then began to reflect upon the relationship between the real and the ideal. Departing from prior methods, these poets did not write about actual experieneces but instead created imagined places in their poetry. In â€Å"Ode to Psyche,† Keats creates a supernatural setting â€Å"In deepest grass,/ beneath the whisp’ring roof/ Of leaves and trembled blossoms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 10-11, RPO). Rather than reiterating a past experience, Keats employs the power of his imagination to create a credible, sylvan scenery. Futhermore, despite being figments of the poets’ imaginations, the subjects of the poems were usually actual objects in nature, which allowed readers to identify with them. In one of his poems, Shelley uses his imagination to become a cloud. He paints a pictures for his readers as he personifies the cloud to â€Å"†¦bind the Sun’s throne with a burning zone,/ And the Moon’s with a girdle of pearl† (â€Å"The Cloud†, lines 59-60, RPO). Readers are able to visualize this image and connect with nature because they are familiar with these objects. Thus, the second-generation poets were able to escape the disorder of their world by using their imagination to create ideal locations. Despite the common notion of the Romantic Period being a unified, literary movement, there are two distinct generations that arise within this single era. As the first-generation poets focused on defying their classical precedents, the second-generation poets concentrated on analyzing the materialistic world around them and using their imagination to bring their thoughts into reality. However, both generations hoped that their poetry would lead the world to change by enlightening others to strive for a more perfect society. Thus, the poets of the Romantic period established that future generations should seek new ideas and not just accept past beliefs, for the goal of poetry is to illustrate a greater picture. Works Cited Flesch, William. â€Å"Romanticism. The Facts On File Companion to British Poetry, 19th Century. New York: Facts On File, Inc. , 2009. Bloom's Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. . (accessed May 1, 2011). Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. â€Å"Ode to Tranquillity. † Columbia Granger's World of Poetry Online. 2011. Columbia University Press. 6 Jun. 2011. . â€Å"RPO — John Keats : Ode to Psyche. â⠂¬  Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 01 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — John Keats : On First Looking into Chapman's Homer. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — Percy Bysshe Shelley : The Cloud. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — Percy Bysshe Shelley : To a Skylark. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . RPO — Samuel Taylor Coleridge : This Lime-tree Bower My Prison. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 04 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — William Wordsworth : Influence of Natural Objects in Calling Forth and Strengthening the Imagination in Boyhood and Early Youth. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. Universit y of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — William Wordsworth : Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour. July 13, 1798. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 02 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — William Wordsworth : The Tables Turned. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . â€Å"RPO — William Wordsworth : To a Highland Girl. † Representative Poetry On-line: Version 3. 0. University of Toronto Libraries. Web. 03 June 2011. . â€Å"Wordsworth, William. 1888. Complete Poetical Works. Lines Written in Early Spring. † Bartleby. com: Great Books Online — Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and Hundreds More. Bartleby. com. Web. 03 June 2011. . Works Consulted Oerlemans, Onno. â€Å"Romantic Poetry, English. † Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy. Ed. J. Baird Callicott and Robert Frodeman. Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2009. 212-214. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 02 June 2011. â€Å"Preface to Lyrical Ballads. William Wordsworth (1800). 1909-14. Famous Prefaces. The Harvard Classics. † Bartleby. com: Great Books Online — Quotes, Poems, Novels,

Data Envelopment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Data Envelopment Analysis - Essay Example This paper would use the DEA method to measure the technical allocative efficiency. IT start-ups in China in particular and the rest of the world in general are faced with the same problem of initiating DEA methods to measure effectiveness of resource allocation processes and related outcomes. For instance according to Xu and Zhang (2008) the optimum resource input-output ratios are regarded as the best indicators of efficient resource allocation processes in the IT start-up firms that depend on strategic resource utilization and mobility between sectors to achieve positive organizational outcomes. Gomes, de Mello and Meza (2008) use a hybrid approach based on DEA efficiency measurement thus highlighting the importance of large discreet resource allocation processes. This is a paradigm shift from the non-discreet statistical processes that were previously adopted by researchers to measure the optimum resource input-output ratios. In addition to these DEA methods there are other more advanced DEA models. Among them the most popular two models are known as the CCR model and the BCC model. CCR has been named after its three discoverers Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978) while BCC has been named after its discoverers Banker, Charnes and Cooper (1984). ... The significance of each Decision Making Unit (DMU) in the resource allocation process is emphasized by the two models.However CCR makes the assumption that each DMU is capable of operating only at constant returns to scale while BCC assumes that there are variable returns to scale. This paper would use these two models for the analysis of the resource allocation efficiency in IT start-up firms (Graaf & Washida, 2006). Though the paper would basically focus attention on Chinese IT firms there would be some analytical perspectives on other IT firms in the rest of the world as well. Actually this dichotomy between the two models has led to internal conflicts within firms as to which model has more merits than the other (Kaynak & Karakaya, 1994).The DMU consists of personnel who are Human Resource Management (HRM) specialists and production engineers and therefore are expected to work out the best or most efficient resource allocation process so that output would be maximized and cost m inimized (Davenport, 1999). The current literature on the subject actually generalizes the impact of this conflict on the DMU's own efficiency and impartiality. This outcome is further worsened by the fact that individual decision makers are much less inclined to coordinate efforts at each level of decision making though such decisions weigh heavily on the final organizational outcomes (Phillips, 2005).The negotiation process between and among the members of the DMU of each organization such as the new IT firm in China can be more specifically referred to as a culture-specific ritual in which rules are openly flouted in order to preserve one's own interests (Pour, 2006). In fact IT industry analysts and experts agree that attitudes and

Literature Review and Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a

And Research Proposal - That extra intervention of a dietician and occupational therapist will maintain a he - Literature review Example To date there is no known cure for the disease even though there are various methods which slow down its advance and thus assists the patients in relieving some of the signs. It is a terminal disease which incurable and leads to death (Innes, Kelly and McCabe, 2012, p. 104). Extra intervention of a dietician and an occupational therapist will ultimately maintain a healthy body mass index and improve quality of life, depression and dyskinesia in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease. This literature review and research paper will take a deep comprehensive study on the vital important role that the dieticians and the occupational therapist play in the slowing down on the effects and symptoms of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (Small and Vorgan, 2011, p. 124). This paper summarizes the specific approaches to the maintenance of a healthy body mass index in the patient whereas taking into consideration the other aspects of good health which include improvement of the qualit y of life, significant reduction of depression and dyskinesia (McDonald, 2010, p. 32). This paper will take into account the world-class recommendations that a dietician will highly recommend regarding certain foods which the Alzheimer’s patient will eat so that the symptoms of the disease are significantly reduced (Pulsford and Thompson, 2012, p. 129). Notable recommendations will also be highlighted regarding the advice that an occupational therapist would outmost recommend to the patient. A detailed overview on what the patient should do to reduce these symptoms are noted whereas providing very valuable advice on how the patients health will improve taking in to consideration the patient’s body mass index, superior life quality and an overall reduction in depression and dyskinesia (Downs and Bowers, 2008, p. 58). Literature Review Alzheimer’s disease has in the recent past turned out to be a widespread dementia complication among old people in the society. As defined, Alzheimer’s disease is the general loss of cognitive functioning which includes reduced reasoning, remembering, and thinking ability. Alzheimer’s disease is also presumed to be an irreversible and a progressive brain disorder which minimises thinking and memory skills. Moreover, recent researches have also confirmed that, long term existence of Alzheimer’s disease may as well reduce individuals’ ability to carry out some of the simplest jobs (Basak, Boot, Kraemer and Voss 2008, p. 777). Based on the available statistics, Alzheimer’s disease is in most cases apparent among people who are above 60 years of age. Compared to traditional society, contemporary societies have witnessed significant increased in cases of Alzheimer’s disease (Vance, McNees and Meneses, 2009, p. 51). In the extreme cases, Alzheimer’s disease is as well affecting young people. The side effects and magnitude of Alzheimer’s disease is with time tur ning out to be very severe and in some cases Alzheimer’s disease has reported to cause deaths. The contemporary nature and side effects of Alzheimer’s disease have forced health researchers and thinkers to undertake intensive researches to identify the main cause of the disease as well as the most cost effective and efficiency means of dealing with the problem (Ziere, Dieleman, Hofman, Pols, Cammen and Stricker, 2007, p. 223). The subsequent literature review is intended at examining how the extra intervention of a dietician and occupational ther

Ostensibly, nonfiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ostensibly, nonfiction - Essay Example Steinberg emanates a feeling of frustration with this failure, rather than a simple statement of the facts, meaning that people of a similar belief will laud this article whereas people of different belief will condemn it. (See Appendix for the article.) As a teacher using a strict curriculum, it is sometimes difficult to reconcile personal beliefs with teaching materials. I have found my personal beliefs challenged as a teacher both by the administration, the curriculum and even the students – once, a fifth-grade boy came to my lesson wearing red lipstick. As the person in charge, I had to defend that particular student's choice to the rest of the children, and not allow them to tease him for it. It was not a situation I ever imagined myself in but I am proud of how I handled it. I foresee that my subjectivity on food and eating issues could impact my teaching, although I (obviously!) think that this would be a good thing for my students.

The competitive advantage of the Country Singapore using Porter's Essay

The competitive advantage of the Country Singapore using Porter's Competitive advantage and the Diamond factors - Essay Example We also find out in this study that, though the country has a natural small land area, the country capabilities and efficient and effective use of information technology has more than compensated for its present international position in the shipping and sea transportation industry. The country position and image has been further enhanced through electronic government that has transformed public services. This paper examined the competitive advantage of Singapore using Porters competitive advantage of nations. Porter tries to solve apparent puzzle of a country's competitive advantage, or why one country is more competitive than the other through the attributes of his competitive advantage of nations (Porter 1990).These constitute the essence of his notion of competitive advantage. Porter (1990) echoes an important question in which he provides a succinct answer. For example, "why does a nation achieve international success in a particular industry Porter argues that, the answer to this question lies in four broad attributes of a nation that shape the environments in which local firms compete and promote or impede the creation of competitive advantage." (1990:71). ... The first part of the paper examined Porter's competitive advantage of nation, the second part of the paper looks at this competitive advantage with respect to Singapore. The last part of the paper provides a brief finding conclusions and recommendations. 1.1 Porter's Competitive Advantage of Nation-Porter's Diamond Porter's essential task in his ground breaking tool was to explain why a nation would succeed in a particular industry and not in another. In the words of Porter (1990), "in global competition, firms from any nation can gain scale economies by selling worldwide" (Porter 1990:71). To the researcher, which nation's firms will do so Thus, to Porter, a range of new explanations for trade has been proposed. One is economies of scale which give the nation's firms that are able to capture them a cost advantage that allows them to export, but however this theory are fraud with gross weaknesses (Porter 1990). Porter in his ground breaking work of (1990) postulates that a nation's competitive advantage can be deduced from his four attributes of competitive advantage. These attributes include include (1) factor conditions, which he defines as: "The nation's position in factors of production, such as skilled labor or infrastructure, necessary to compete in a given industry." (Porter 1990). The second attribute in Porter's competitive advantage of Nations is the demand conditions. Porter (1990) refers to this as the nature of home demand for industry's product or service. The third attributes of Porter's competitive advantage of nations focuses on related and supporting industries, which according to Porter (1990) refers as: "The presence or

The Emerald Forest Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Emerald Forest - Movie Review Example Spirituality is revealed in the Invisible People’s culture through their beliefs in spirit animal guardians, in reading nature through the noises in the forest, and attaining a higher level of spirituality through snorting psychedelic substances from a narrow pipe (â€Å"Emerald Forest†). This may not seem much but in reality, it is through these trances that these people were able to view the world from above, and helping them gain perspective in choosing what actions to take, including actions that do not impact future generations greatly or actions that venerate the people that lived before them.In my view, the Invisible People have a happier culture that gives a greater amount of satisfaction than the Termite People or Modern People culture. Because the Invisible People work in harmony with nature, they do not cause problems in nature such as rising water levels during rains, high levels of destruction during storms, and even overhunting of animals. This is in large contrast to the Termite People that destroy large areas of forests that not only ruin the habitats of plants and animals but also drive away the tribes that were originally living in these areas (â€Å"Emerald Forest†). In addition, the Invisible People also have higher levels of spirituality and community connections as compared to the Termite People, which makes the former to create decisions that not only impact their present but also their future, while the latter only caters to the need for monetary gain., essentially becoming slaves to money and forgetting about their own selves and the well-being of others from different communities. Lastly, because the Invisible People have simpler needs, this makes it easier for them to be happy and share this happiness with other

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Great Gatsby - Essay Example As more and more minorities and women began adding their voices to the literary realm, ideas regarding identity became more confused and ill-defined as it became realized that who we are is often the result of how we interact with others. To understand how this realization of the sociological imagination was expressed, it is helpful to analyze how a master author of the period, F. Scott Fitzgerald, portrayed these ideas in his novel The Great Gatsby. Sociological imagination is the way in which we stratify ourselves within our society and in how we develop our own identity. By linking our own personal experience with the collective understanding of what that represents, we are able to classify ourselves as well as others within specific social groups. It is upon this understanding that we form and understand our own identity. Three aspects of the sociological imagination include class, race and gender. Class is based upon a variety of factors including profession, income levels and educational attainment. People with a great deal of education are often identified as holding higher level professional positions and higher rates of pay than less educated individuals. While class is often considered quite flexible, race and gender remain difficult to change. Race is determined based on physical characteristics, but can also be influenced by ethnic concerns. Generally, ethnicity is considered to refer to a person’s national or igin, language, religion, dietary practices or common historical heritage. Although race is inherited through the genes, ethnicity is the result of socialization from one generation to the next. Gender is a learned identification with a particular biological sex – male or female – while sexuality refers to the way in which people organize their world based on sexual identity. All of these things are used to help shape and compare ourselves with the people around us so that we can determine just what kind of person

Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transition - Essay Example The objective of transition is to plan and adopt some educational and interactive activities which will prepare the students for further education and employment. Transition services and plans for youth with disabilities are now mandated under the recently enacted 'Education of the Handicapped Act' Amendments of 1990. Barone et al. (1991) explained that youth is the crucial time when an individual requires friendship and social interaction to disrupt the barriers of apprehension. Severely disabled students often are deprived of good communication and comprehensive skills which strengthen social relationships and they often feel secluded and isolated. The concept of Inclusion of youth with disabilities in regular classrooms helps to build a healthy and motivating relationship among the students. This concept not only enhances the career related outcomes but also reinforces the sense of belonging to Human family. Families have a critical impact on the successful transition from school to adult life for young adults with disabilities. The involvement of the parents in the transition process is mandatory as they will have a better idea of their children's temperament, interests and abilities. On the contrary parents may sometimes become very emotional and over protective which may act as a hindrance for the development of the students. Parents often tend to underestimate their children or hold unrealistic high expectations of them when compared to regular children. As Jean E. Ness explains parents always have confusion between the abilities and motivations of their children. Special Education and Support System Individuals with disabilities require more vigorous and dedicated training when compared to normal students as they have to overcome the many additional hurdles of life. Special education should be directed towards assessment and instruction of students for smooth transition from school to post-secondary activities like employment or post-secondary education. If special education teachers do not take proper interest in motivating students then there will be potential increase in number of drop outs. The support system should be concerned, organized, focused towards the goal of transition process for students. Self determination and Motivation One of the reasons for poor post school outcomes is that students with disabilities leave school without self-determination. Students who do not have the motivation to plan and manage their lives will leave school without the skills necessary to secure a meaningful job. During the transition process high risk youth should be identified and their morale should be boosted up with self confidence and mastery of self-management skills. Several recent models of student involvement in transition planning include creating a self-directed individualized education program (IEP). Difference in the Environment of instruction The idea of going to new campus or community is of a big

You Decide Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide - Coursework Example The best product offering for this market segment would be the family portraits with a choice between an office one and one for home use. The reasoning behind this is that the corporate executives are busy people who rarely have time for home issues. Having a portrait that shows a whole family at the office could be just what these people would love to have to remind them of home. Choosing a product offering for any market segment must consider the needs, preferences, lifestyles, habits, ability to buy and the value it gives the customer (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). High end customers are difficult to understand because of varied preferences and customization may be required in many instances (Mullins & Walker, 2010). An online value proposition answers the questions: who are we, what do we offer, who we serve and what makes us unique? The online value proposition is more than a proposition as it shows what a firm can offer using content, products, services and or experiences to engage online customers (Kurtz, 2008). The company should use its unique technology as its online selling proposition. A variety of portraits should be availed on the website showing various product offerings with different versions of the same portrait available. The website should also give the executives an opportunity to make fast, secure payments for the portraits on the website Brand equity represents an intangible asset for any company and depends on the associations made by the customers. Strong brand equity ensures a more stable stream of income, increases cash flow and is an asset that can be sold (Pride & Ferrel, 2010). Brand equity can be built basing on financials or on consumers. Our Town Photography Studio brand equity should focus on building consumer loyalty in the brand. When people especially the executives have a strong liking for the firms products, chances are

Is The Us A Hegemon Essay Example for Free

Is The Us A Hegemon Essay A hegemon can be defined as a paramount power or state that can influence the course of events globally (free dictionary, 2008). By this very definition, America qualifies to be referred to as a hegemon. Since the collapse of the Cold War, the US has emerged as the most powerful nation on earth. Its influence is felt in the political, economic and military realms where its hegemony remains largely unchallenged. US administrations have not shied away from flexing their power and this has been increasing experienced in political matters where the US has pushed its agenda for new world order based on democratic ideals. No country is above the law. However, because of their position globally, powerful nations do at times take actions that are in direct contravention of laid down rules and procedures. In its attempt to democratize the world, the US has acted as though it was above international law. The invasion of Iraq is a case in point. Despite the Security Council’s condemnation of the planned invasion, the US and Britain went ahead to wage war and eventually topple Sadamm. President Chirac of France spoke out strongly against the trend by the US in taking unilateral decisions that contravened international law as it could set off a bad precedent (Litchfield, 2003). The detention of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay is a blatant disregard of the Geneva Convention that stipulates how prisoners of war are to be treated (UNHCR, 2008). By torturing the detainees and denying them their rights, the US has chosen to ignore international laws set up by the Commonwealth of Nations (Leonnig and Mintz, 2004) In summary, the US has taken advantage of its hegemonic status to carry out illegal acts as per international law. These actions do not augur well for international cooperation and peace as other nations will be tempted to act unilaterally and in direct contravention of the same laws that are meant to ensure world stability

Ácido Clorhídrico Y Ácido Acético en Vinagre

à cido Clorhà ­drico Y à cido Acà ©tico en Vinagre Titulacià ³n de à ¡cido clorhà ­drico y à ¡cido acà ©tico en vinagre comercial con una base fuerte Propà ³sito Determinar el punto de equivalencia entre las reacciones NaOH (ac) + HCl (ac) à   NaCl (ac) + H2O (l) y NaOH (ac) + HCH3COO (ac) à   NaCH3COO (ac) + H2O (l), observando los cambios fà ­sicos en la titulacià ³n de las soluciones, utilizando un indicador (Fenolftaleà ­na o Anaranjado de metilo) y un pH metro. Antecedentes Debido a que en la prà ¡ctica 6 â€Å"Titulacià ³n de à ¡cido clorhà ­drico y à ¡cido acà ©tico en vinagre comercial con una base fuerte† se realizarà ¡ una titulacià ³n de dos sustancias que reaccionan en una neutralizacià ³n, se hace necesario conocer ambos conceptos. Existen sustancias que al diluirlas en agua (solvente) se disocian en sus iones. A à ©stas se les conoce como electrolitos, pues conducen electricidad. Aquellas que no se disocian en sus iones conformantes se les conoce como no electrolitos. En la prà ¡ctica se trabajarà ¡ con electrolitos, pues las sustancias utilizadas son bases y à ¡cidos que se disocian en sus iones OH- y H+ respectivamente, aumentando su concentracià ³n en el agua. El à ¡cido clorhà ­drico y el à ¡cido acà ©tico, cuando sean diluidos en agua aumentarà ¡n la concentracià ³n de protones H+, con lo que el pH de la disolucià ³n serà ¡ à ¡cido. Por el contrario el Hidrà ³xido de sodio es una base que acepta protones H+ disminuyendo la concentracià ³n en el solvente. Con ello el pH serà ¡ bà ¡sico. A las sustancias se les llama à ¡cidas cuando la concentracià ³n de protones de hidrà ³geno es mayor a 1 * 10 -7 ion por gramo por litro, neutra cuando es igual a 1*10-7 ion por gramo por litro, y bà ¡sica cuando es menor a 1 * 10 -7 ion por gramo por litro. Debido a que el valor de concentracià ³n de iones de hidrà ³geno los nà ºmeros son valores muy pequeà ±os, Sà ¶rensen los expresà ³ por logaritmos con signos positivos originando lo que conocemos como pH, que es una escala que expresa los exponentes de concentracià ³n de iones H+. Por lo tanto cuando hacemos que una disolucià ³n se vuelva à ¡cida su pH disminuye, y si al contrario se vuelve mà ¡s bà ¡sica su pH aumenta, tal como lo seà ±ala la siguiente escala: à cidas Neutras Bà ¡sicas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Como se puede observar el HCl y el HCH3COO son à ¡cidos monoprà ³ticos, pues producen un protà ³n H+ por molà ©cula de à ¡cido. Caracterà ­sticas de las bases: Una propiedad especial es que son amargos y conducen corriente elà ©ctrica, ademà ¡s se ionizan liberando iones OH-. Caracterà ­sticas de los à ¡cidos: Entre los à ¡cidos tenemos dos grupos: Los hidrà ¡cidos formados por hidrà ³geno y no metales. Por ejemplo ClH (à cido clorhà ­drico). Por otro lado està ¡n los oxà ¡cidos, que son compuestos ternarios que se originan al combinar anhà ­dridos con agua. H2SO4 (à cido sulfà ºrico). La mayorà ­a son solubles en el agua. Tienen sabor picante (acre), y ademà ¡s actà ºan con los metales, liberando hidrà ³geno y formando sales. Los à ¡cidos y las bases se pueden clasificar en dà ©biles o fuertes. Ello depende de la facilidad con la que los à ¡cidos ceden protones y las bases aceptan protones. Un à ¡cido fuerte transfiere por completo sus protones, un à ¡cido dà ©bil se disocia parcialmente en agua. Una base fuerte es aquella que acepta por completo los protones que contiene el agua formando iones OH-. Por lo tanto la base dà ©bil los acepta parcialmente. Entre los seis à ¡cidos mà ¡s fuertes se encuentran uno utilizado en la prà ¡ctica, el à ¡cido clorhà ­drico, mientras que el à ¡cido acà ©tico es dà ©bil. Las bases fuertes son aquellas se componen de metales alcalinos o alcalinotà ©rreos. Por dicha razà ³n el NaOH es una base fuerte. Cuando disoluciones de una base y un à ¡cido se hacen reaccionar se origina una reaccià ³n de neutralizacià ³n, en la cual se produce una sal y agua. Se conoce como neutralizacià ³n pues al reaccionar disminuye los efectos de à ¡cido y de base. En la prà ¡ctica las reacciones NaOH (ac) + HCl (ac) à   NaCl (ac) + H2O (l) y NaOH (ac) + HCH3COO (ac) à   NaCH3COO (ac) + H2O (l), son de neutralizacià ³n, pues como se puede apreciar en ambas se formarà ¡n una sal y agua. Para determinar la concentracià ³n de H+ en las disoluciones de à ¡cidos respectivos se llevarà ¡ a cabo una titulacià ³n usando como titulante el Hidrà ³xido de sodio. Éste es un proceso a travà ©s del cual se determina la concentracià ³n de un soluto en combinacià ³n con una sustancia de concentracià ³n conocida. En à ©ste caso se desconoce la concentracià ³n de protones hidrà ³geno pero se conoce la concentracià ³n de Hidrà ³xido de sodio. El instrumento de medicià ³n serà ¡ el pHà ­metro, el cual es un dispositivo electrà ³nico que cuenta con dos electrodos que miden pequeà ±os voltajes especà ­ficos para à ¡cidos y bases. Conforme se agregue hidrà ³xido de sodio a la solucià ³n de à ¡cido clorhà ­drico y a la de à ¡cido acà ©tico se irà ¡ observando el momento en el que reaccionarà ¡n cantidades equivalentes de los reactivos. A ello se le conoce como punto de equivalencia y para conocer dicho punto se utilizarà ¡n dos indicadores: la fenolftaleà ­na y el anaranjado de metilo. Un indicador es una sustancia con elevado peso molecular, que cambian de color cuando entra en contacto con à ¡cido o base. El cambio de color seà ±alarà ¡ el punto final de la titulacià ³n el cual equivale al punto de equivalencia que se desea determinar. Para poder elegir el mejor indicador para cada parte de la prà ¡ctica, se debe basar en el punto de equivalencia y el rango de viraje de color de ambos. La fenolftaleà ­na es de color transparente en un medio à ¡cido y en medio bà ¡sico se torna rosado. En una titulacià ³n à ¡cido-base como la que se realizarà ¡ el punto final de la titulacià ³n ocurrirà ¡ cuando al agregar hidrà ³xido de sodio aparezca una coloracià ³n rosada pà ¡lida. Su viraje està ¡ en un rango de pH de 8 a 10. El anaranjado de metilo cambia de color en un intervalo de pH de 3.1 a 4.4, por debajo de 3.1 es su forma à ¡cida, con coloracià ³n roja. Por arriba de 4.4 es la conversià ³n completa a forma bà ¡sica y su coloracià ³n es amarilla, punto final de la titulacià ³n. No serà ¡ conveniente utilizar fenolftaleà ­na para la reaccià ³n del à ¡cido fuerte (HCl) y la base fuerte (NaOH), puesto que el pH en su punto de equivalencia es 7 pues todos sus iones estarà ¡n neutralizados y dicha sustancia cambia su coloracià ³n en un rango de 8 a 10 de la escala pH. En la segunda parte cuando reaccione el à ¡cido dà ©bil (HCH3COO) con la base fuerte (NaOH), si es conveniente usar la fenolftaleà ­na. Ello se debe a que cuando un à ¡cido dà ©bil reacciona con una base fuerte el protà ³n H+ se hidroliza. Por dicha razà ³n el pH del punto de equivalencia es mayor a 7. Es importante conocer que la hidrà ³lisis es un tipo de reaccià ³n, en la cual los iones reaccionan con agua para generar protones H+ o iones hidroxilo. Cuestionario Describa los siguientes conceptos: 1. Neutralizacià ³n: Es una reaccià ³n que se origina de la interaccià ³n entre una base y un à ¡cido, en la cual se contrarrestan sus efectos y se produce agua y una sal. La neutralizacià ³n ocurre de esta forma: H+ + OH- à   H2O (l) 2. à cido: Sustancia que dona protones. 3. Base: Sustancia que acepta protones. 4. à cido fuerte: Sustancia que dona protones y que se encuentra en disolucià ³n acuosa completamente como iones. 5. Base fuerte: Sustancia que acepta protones y que se encuentra en disolucià ³n acuosa completamente como iones. 6. à cido Dà ©bil: Sustancia que dona protones y que se encuentra en disolucià ³n acuosa parcialmente como iones. 7. Base dà ©bil: Sustancia que acepta protones y que se encuentra en disolucià ³n acuosa parcialmente como iones. 8. Punto de equivalencia: Punto en el cual reaccionan cantidades estequiomà ©tricamente equivalentes. Reacciones NaOH (ac) + HCl (ac) à   NaCl (ac) + H2O(l) NaOH(ac) + HCH3COO(ac) à   NaCH3COO (ac) + H2O(l)

Importance of Workforce Planning

Importance of Workforce Planning 1. To analyse the importance of workforce planning and explain the difficulties. Importance In its simplest terms workforce planning is getting the right number of people with the right skills, experiences, and competencies in the right jobs at the right time. This shorthand definition covers a comprehensive process that provides managers with a framework for making staffing decisions based on an organisations mission, strategic plan, budgetary resources, and a set of desired workforce competencies. This process is simple in outline but depends on rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the organisations work, workforce, and strategic direction. Workforce planning requires strong management leadership; clearly articulated vision, mission, and strategic objectives; and cooperative supportive efforts of staff in several functional areas. Strategic planning, budget, and human resources are key players in workforce planning. Organisation plans set organisational direction and articulate measurable programme goals and objectives. The budget process plans for the funding to achieve objectives. Human resources provides tools for identifying competencies needed in the workforce and for recruiting, developing, training, retraining, or placing employees to build the workforce of the future. Organisational success depends on having the right employees with the right competencies at the right time. Workforce planning provides managers the means of identifying the competencies needed in the workforce not only in the present, but also in the future and then selecting and developing that workforce. Finally, workforce planning allows organisations to address systematically issues that are driving workforce change. The overall benefits of workforce planning, then, are its ability to make managers and programmes more effective A workforce plan must document the workforce analysis, competency assessments, gap analysis, and workforce transition planning that makes up the planning process. These data provide the documentation of the inputs and comprise the basic output of the planning. This information establishes the validity of any workforce plan by demonstrating the links between workforce planning and programme management, budget justifications, Organisation goals, and human resources work planning. Workforce planning provides managers with a strategic basis for human resource management decision-making that is based on achieving programme goals. Forecasting models based on analysis of the workforce allow managers to anticipate turnover and to plan recruiting and employee development to move toward the workforce needed in the future which form a radar for continual monitoring. Difficulties in workforce planning Some of the problems with workforce planning relate to the incongruence of the process with the traditional HR function (Friel, 2002). Most HR leaders oversee established, routine work involving benefits, payroll processing and job classification. Time which could be spent doing strategic work is often eaten up by HR administration. In the US, some federal agencies such as the Internal Revenue Service, have attempted to counteract this problem by splitting the two sides of the HR function to create two departments (Friel, 2002). In the past workforce plans have been approved on the basis of personal credibility, not quantifiable metrics, which do not stand the test when organisations run into difficulties. Sullivan (2002b) recommends that organisations consider training their HR staff in the relevant skills and revisiting their performance management and bonus schemes so that they measure and reward workforce planning. Lack of Integration In practice, it is often done independently of other processes whilst there is a danger of exercising too much corporate power over different units (Sullivan, 2002d). Integration of Planning Processes In the past, the process of workforce planning was independent to other resource allocation activities such as budgeting and production planning. As a result, managers found themselves confronted with different and often contradictory forecasts (Sullivan, 2002d). A number of models of workforce planning propose that forecasting should begin with an appreciation of the future direction of the business. The importance of aligning strategic and workforce plans has been emphasised in academic research. There has long been the argument that HR practices that are consistent with or support organisational strategy are more effective than those that do not (eg Schuler Jackson, 1987). Whilst it is tempting to integrate local plans into a master workforce plan, Bechet (2000) stresses keeping them separate and not consolidated. This is because the process of consolidation sometimes squeezes out the very detail that is most useful and ends up masking significant differences between units. Lack of Ownership According to Sullivan (2002c), workforce planning has often been seen as something owned by the HR department, not by management. However, when times are tight, it is not HR who has the authority. This threatens the security of workforce planning since, without a real appreciation of its benefits, management may decide it is dispensable. Experience shows that ownership of any HR initiative needs to be extended to senior levels with a senior champion identified to help drive the process through. Lack of Flexibility The manpower planning strategies of the past worked according to straight-line growth and tried to define a single bulls-eye for a target (Sullivan, 2002d). Recent changes have shown that the business world often fails to follow historical patterns and that organisational plans need to be more flexible (Sullivan, 2002b). To be useful, Sullivan recommends that workforce planning includes a range of targets and that organisations prepare for all eventualities in that range. One means through which flexibility can be achieved is through scenario planning (see Reilly, 1996). Scenarios are not intended to be predictive. Rather they recognise that uncertainty is not just an occasional, temporary deviation from a reasonable predictability; it is a basic structural feature of the business environment. (Wack, 1985). Particularly as originally developed by Shell, their aim is to challenge assumptions of how the world works and to generate understanding of the important factors involved. Lack of Prioritisation In the past workforce plans have failed because they have been over-ambitious and have tried to achieve too much (Sullivan, 2002c). To be effective, Sullivan recommends that they be rightsized and aim to cover only those areas where they will have a significant impact. Workforce plans cannot possibly include everything so they should prioritise certain units, jobs, customers and products. Static Event Using Long Time-Frames In the past, workforce planning has used long time frames, sometimes looking ahead up to five or ten years. Often managers have refused to revisit plans more regularly because they take so long to develop (Sullivan, 2002d). Whilst an overview of the overall direction of the organisation requires a long-term focus, Sullivan recommends that detailed plans focus no more than 18 months ahead. Workforce planning should be seen as a living document (Reilly, 1996), something which is not static but needs to respond to changing circumstances. It is not an event (Bechet, 2000) but should be monitored regularly to avoid strategic drift (Johnson, 1987) where the match between the organisation and the external world disappears. Issues need to be defined on an ongoing basis and a discussion of the staffing implications of changes in business plans should be conducted each and every time change is discussed or anticipated. Bad Data and Analysis In the 1980s the amount and the quality of workforce-planningrelated information that was available to HR was minuscule by todays standards (Sullivan, 2002a). Without the ability to connect databases and analyse complex trends, HR planning was forced to guess, or all too commonly to utilise straight-line forecast. In addition, plans tended to be based purely on internal data without any consideration of what was going on outside (Sullivan, 2002d). Nowadays there are significantly better data and analysis techniques available (Sullivan, 2002a). The increased availability of economic and business data on the internet makes forecasting much easier and cheaper for even small firms. Access to enterprise-wide software packages now allows managers to easily collect data for forecasts and to prepare viable workforce plans. 2. To evaluate the significance of employee motivation and appraisal programmes in a business Importance of appraisal for employee motivation One of the secrets of a good performing company is the fact that they recognized the importance of staff motivation. Watch out for companies that are 10 years old and above, the secret of their sustenance and longevity lies on the above truth. A solid and good management doesnt joke with the above notion. The truth of the matter is this; for a staff to work efficiently and effectively, employees must be motivated. This means that their efforts should be rewarded with physical, financial and psychological benefits and incentives so that they could maintain a high level of morale, satisfaction, and productivity. It means that workers should be stimulated to take a desired course of action by providing them with the opportunities to gain what they want. Employee motivation is a function of all managers in general and of personnel managers in particular. The following are some of the techniques that can be used by a manager to motivate employees. Ensuring employee participation in the decision making process Paying adequate and fair remuneration to employees Praising employees for good works done Keeping employees in the know concerning changes in company policy Showing interest in workers and giving them adequate, personal attention Making the fullest use of employees skills, ideas, suggestions and abilities Giving employees helpful direction and assistance when they are in problem Making employees feel secure of their jobs and free from anxiety Setting good examples and exhibiting personal diligence Communicating standards to employees and making them know where they stand how well they are doing and what they can do to improve. The need to motivate employees is no longer hidden. What remains controversial is the best method of motivation. The rapid profusion and appearance of theories of motivation is a clear testimony to this. Peoples needs and situations vary. This implies that there can be no simple generalizations or one best method of motivation but rather a selective application of the techniques suggested above. Performance Appraisal of an employee Performance Appraisal is the regular, formalized and recorded review of the way in which an individual is performing his job. It is the evaluation of the performance of employees. According to Beach performance appraisal is the continuous systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his performance on the job and his potential for development. Staff or performance appraisal is an integral part of every managers function. Indeed, whether intended or not, it occurs informally on a day-to-day basis in order to determine how to get work done and which members of staff to allocate to what duties. However, a formalized appraisal is a planned, systematic, methodical and comprehensive joint evaluation exercise by the appraiser ad the appraise. The extent of staff participation the degree of planning, and the purposes and priorities of appraisal systems vary from one organization to another. The main objectives of staff performance appraisal are as follows: To identify and reward competence and excellence To identify staff training needs and develop the potential of those employs who can satisfy different future manpower needs within the organizations. To identify performance deficiencies and spur improvements in them To motivate employees to be highly productive based on their knowledge of a forthcoming evaluation of their performance A planned and formalized performance appraisal scheme involves: (a) A definition of clear job objectives, targets and standards for each employee (b) An objective evaluation of staff performance and results against previously agreed standards. (c) An open discussion of the results and their implications (d) An agreement of committed plans for the future work of the appraise and the boss. The traditional method of appraising employees involves the annual filling of a standard appraisal form by the employees superiors. The form usually deals with various aspects of the employees work such as output level, co-operation with co-workers, ability to work independently, initiative, cost consciousness, goal orientation, etc. The performance of each employee in the year under review is then rated for each of these criteria using a numerical scale. For instance, if the scale is from 1 to 10, and employee might be scored 2/10 for output level, 3/10 for co-operation with co-workers, etc. The scores will then be summed together to determine whether the employee has performed well or not. In addition to the evaluation of a workers past performance, the superior might be asked to rate the workers potential for growth and advancement by stating that the worker is highly promising, average and may succeed with effort, unlikely to advance or a total write-off. To cap it all, the officer may be invited to make a general comment on the employee after which the form is sent to a higher hierarchy of management for consideration, comments and approval or rejection. To make an appraisal system a success, the following principles must be observed in its design and operation. It should be tailor-made to the specific nature and needs of the organization It should not be seen as an annual, ritualistic exercise, without any purpose, substance and significance. It should be objective and fair so that an employees performance ratings will not depend on who he or she knows in the organization. To achieve this, the exercise should involve more than just the appraisers immediate superior. The appraisers colleagues and subordinates should be brought into the picture. It should be standardized throughout the organization It should be based on specific goals or targets for improvements It should include some form of self-appraisal and should be based on open constructive discussion not broad praise or criticism. Subordinates should participate in setting the goals on which they will be appraised in the future. Superiors should not impose goals on their subordinates. Line managers must be trained in the techniques and methods of performance appraisal and must recognize and appreciate its contributions to organizational effectiveness. The scheme should be designed with just a few purposes. Appraisal systems designed to improve performance should not simultaneously consider wages, salary or promotion because the roles of judge and adviser are not complimentary and should therefore be separated. 3. Know the different schools of management thought that have been developed over the last Century CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES As mentioned earlier, there are several schools of thought in management. Apart from the autocratic or authoritarian or pre-scientific era (i.e., earlier to 1880) of the early period, several schools of management thought are identified and classified in several ways by experts. It is interesting to note that while early writings on management principles came from experienced practitioners, the more recent writings tend to come from academic theorists, of whom have had no direct experience in organisational management. During the history of management a number of more or less separate schools of management thought have emerged, and each sees management from its own has classified the management theories into the following six groups: i) The management process school ii) The empirical school iii) The human behavioural school iv) The social systems school v) The decision theory school vi) The mathematical school. . Adding one more style or approach of his own Evans discusses eleven basic styles cited by Herbert Hicks in his books the management of organisations Again leaving the early perspectives, Hitt and others (1979) classify management theories into three broad groups. i) Classical management theory. ii) Neoclassical management theory iii) Modern management theory Under each group a few schools of thought are identified. These three groups of schools of management thought, are currently in vogue and found adequate for the purpose. CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORY (1880s-1920s) Classical management theory consists of a group of similar ideas on the management of organisations that evolved in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The Classical school is sometimes called the traditional school of management among practitioners. This school, evolved as a result of the industrial revolution, in response to the growth of large organisations and in contrast to the handicraft system that existed till then. It contains three branches, namely, scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation. The predominant and common characteristic to all three branches is the emphasis on the economic rationality of management and organisation The economic rationality of the individual employee at work assumes that people choose the course of action that maximises their economic reward. In other words, economic rationality assumes that people are motivated by economic incentives and that they make choices that yield the-greatest monetary benefit. Thus, to get employees to work hard, managers should appeal to their monetary desires. These assumptions are based on a pessimistic view of human nature. While they are true to some extent, they also overlook some optimistic aspects. Classical theorists recognised human emotions but felt that human emotions could be controlled by a logical and rational structuring of jobs and work. The primary contributions of the classical school of management includes (i) application of science to the practice of management (ii) development of the basic management functions and (iii) articulation and application of specific principles of management. NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY (1920s-1950s) The Traditional classical theory and its principles are attacked on the ground that they are contradictory, pay little attention to motivation, and make hasty pronouncements on what should be done, without examining the assumptions Management Perspectives underlying such pronouncements. As such, these principles do not represent the heart of knowledge of management but a small part of the total body of administrative management. As a reaction to schools of classical theory, which over emphasised the mechanical and physiological characters of management, came up the schools of neoclassical theory, with a more human-oriented approach and emphasis on the needs, drives, behaviours and attitudes of individuals. Another impetus was the development of the concepts of industrial psychology around the same time. Two important groups, namely, human relations school and behavioural schools emerged during 1920s and 1930s under the neoclassical theory. Names of two persons, often mentioned, from the period earlier to neoclassical theory, are Robert Owen and Andrew Ure. As Young Welsh factory owner, Robert Owen was first one to emphasise human needs of employees as early as 1800. Andrew Ike has incorporated human factors in his book `The Philosophy of Manufactures published in 1835. The human relations movement of the 1940s and the 1950s filled many gaps in knowledge about business organisations, but it did little to fill major gaps in management theory, or to create a new and viable theory of management. MODERN MANAGEMENT THEORY Modern management theory highlights, the complexity of the organisation as well as individuals and the diversity of their needs, motives, aspirations and potentials. As a result, one time status or universal management principles are impracticable. The complexities require intricate managerial strategies for dealing with people and organisation. As against the rational economic man of the classical theory and the social person view of neoclassical theory, the complex employee view is the premises of modem management theory. The complex employee view holds that people are both complex and variable. They have many motives, learn new motives through experience and motives vary from organisation to organisation and department to department. Complex interactions relate the employee and the organisation. There is no single managerial strategy that works for all people at all times. Managers can employ different strategies at different times and for different persons. Analytical tools may b e useful while applying managerial strategies. Four important modern management theories arising out of the complex employee view, are systems theory, contingency theory, organisational humanism, and management science. This stage of management theory represents the work of revisionist researchers combining streams of efforts in the behavioural sciences with those in mathematics, statistics, and the use of computers. Naturally many revisionists are behavioural scientists whose research extended beyond the human relations area. It is the powerful combination of systems theorists, operations research specialists, decision theorists, statisticians, computer experts, and others skilled in quantitative research and decision methods. Rigorous research and testing of propositions, using behavioural, statistical and mathematical tools, characterised this school of thought. This period is also called synthesis period. As against the predominantly engineering-oriented quantitative theorists in classical theory, industrial psychologists together with sociologists and applied anthropologists who dominated the neoclassical theory, it is the revisionist researchers, who dominated the modern management theory and questioned old tenets, developed new hypotheses, and offered better explanations of organisational and managerial behaviour. The revisionist movement appears to have begun with Litchfields propositions published in the first issue of Administrative Science Quarterly in 1956. They questioned principles developed by deductive reasoning in classical theory but did not discard all of the early theories. A logical extension of application of management knowledge into non-business areas such as education, government and health, is a significant contribution of the modem management theory. It is interesting to note that the classical theory was organisation centered with emphasis on efficiency having process or functional approach, based on deductive evidence and descriptive research. Neoclassical theory had the person-centered approach, was increasingly experimental, and almost remained descriptive and highly deductive. On the other hand, revisionists used behavioural and quantitative tools and remained more inductive, experimental, rigorous and complete. According to the modern management school, management is an exercise in logic and applies itself to situations, that can be reduced to unitised measurements and handled with quantitative methods, where computers have an increasing role to play. 4. Understand the problems of introducing and implementing change in todays workforce Implementation of a new idea is a more difficult task rather than just proposing it. This is especially true in organizations where putting in place a new practice requires many peoples understanding, agreement, and willingness to act. To implement one needs to convince peoples minds and hearts. It requires complete planning and documentation as its a switch of an organization from an existing practiced system to a new one. Planning the necessary political moves of the implementation requires willful and deliberate planning to capture the potentially dangerous organizational forces in change and use them to the changing organizations advantage system.. The planning and documentation of the new system includes not just the listing of the steps which are to be followed but also designing the work that can help people understand the new setup (Wick, 2005). TRANSITION OR IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The transition or implementation plan provides a bridge from the way things are carried out currently to the change you want in the organization. Making a detailed plan of transition is the only way for the change to take place completely and leads to desired future. E-mailing change or verbally ordering things to change wont make a new idea happen permanently. There are four stages of the plan Current state, Transition state, Future desired state and Clean up (Wick, 2005). If new things are not planned before hand and are implemented and practiced instantly then it will directly lead to clean up- a faux new state. In such condition the elements of the new and former system are combined hap- hazardly with a few future concepts and people spend most of their organizational time trying to clean up the impromptu mess. This will lead to confusion and chaos in the organization. Failed implementations can be avoided in the organization by expert construction and maintenance of your implementation plan (Wick, 2005). The need of organizational change arises due to environmental forces and conditions. For the survival of an organization, it must be fully capable of planning and handling the change (Smith E. and Jones D., 1996). A good manger effectively deals with the changes affecting the work environment and take measures to ensure continued growth and success of the organization (Doe, 1996). The objective of this paper is to identify and analyze an organizational problem, and to describe the implementation of a change to solve the problem using a change theory. IDENTIFICATION OF A PROBLEM The dissatisfaction expressed by employees in the work setting is often the first indication of a problem (B.Moore, 1997). Sharp managers constantly keep a watch on their work environment and are especially concerned for employee complaints that repeatedly occur (Doe S., 1996). The awareness and knowledge of a manger about the organizations work environment and its issues problems help him identify and solve the problem at an early stage before they become bigger issues. The engineering department employees of XYZ plant are unhappy with the required use of time clock to document their workday. An informal telephonic survey conducted of eight businesses revealed several methods for documenting and recording time worked. The most frequently used method allowed professionals to account for their time by submitting the number of days worked to the Payroll Department at the end of each pay period. A group of engineering department employees submitted a proposal to the manger for consideration of survey results and a trial implementation of a new method for documenting time worked. The manager has receivedconsent of the administration to review the proposal and submit his recommendations to the Chief Executive Officer within the next two weeks (Smith, 1999). IDENTIFICATION OF A CHANGE THEORY The Kurt Lewins theory of planned change is used as a model for implementing change in organization. The three phases identified in Lewins change process include unfreezing, moving or changing, and refreezing. The organization can overcome obstacles and bring about effective change by using this model (Hall, 1997). APPLICATION OF THE CHANGE PROCESS The change at the XYZ plant could ideally be implemented by using Lewins model. This change model has widely been used as it (a) can be applied to any setting, (b) is easy to follow, and (c) incorporates strategies to identify and resolve obstacles during the change process (B.Moore, 1997). The model will be used to describe the trial implementation of the honor system method for employees in the Engineering Department to document their time worked. The Lewins model proposes changes that are relatively straightforward and affects small number of employees within the organization (Hall, 1997). UNFREEZING The identification of a need for change and the establishment of a receptive climate is the first step of the change process. To unfreeze the environment, one has to follow the strategy of identifying obstacles in the way of successful change, communicating with employees of the department about the problem and its solution and outlining the benefits associated with the new change. In this way, the employees will support the proposed change, but more work is required to convince the administration (Hall, 1997). MOVING OR CHANGING Change is the second phase of the process. This involves the implementation of new setup, ideas, values, or behaviors that focus and leads to the actual change. For the XYZ Plant, the strategy might include clearly defined details about the new policy for documenting time worked, managing resistance to the change, development of a written procedure for the change, and a way to aware all employees when the change will take place. The recommendation to the Chief Executive Officer comprises of all these details, and formally developed if the trial period is successful (Hall, 1997). REFREEZING The third phase involves refreezing new behavior patterns into place. In this phase the reinforcement of the adopted change is strategically done until it is integrated. Incentives are given and some other motivators can be used to encourage the employees and to increase the acceptability and likelihood of the new setup. The engineers would be motivated by recognizing their professional status. The management would be incented by the decreased costs due to simplified record keeping (Hall, 1997). Several sources support Lewins change model as an effective tool for implementing planned organizational change (Hall, 1997; International Business Institute, 1998). Here, it was used to illustrate the implementation of an organizational change in response to a problem occurred in engineering department XYZ Plant. Though change is unavoidable but yet it can produce utter confusion in a work environment if it is not managed effectively.

Human Responses to the Human Split Brain :: Biology Essays Research Papers

When neuroscientists first made direct contact with the right hemisphere of the brain, during neurological tests of "split brain" human subjects, it was as if they had found intelligent, albeit speechless, life on Mars. At a time when brain imaging techniques were crude or nonexistent, the only way to observe and communicate with the brain's right hemisphere unimpeded by the left hemisphere was by testing split brain subjects (1). The right hemisphere, previously supposed mute, illiterate, mentally retarded, and completely subordinate to the left hemisphere, had a mind of its own (1). While it could not speak, it could respond to commands and questions via its contralateral control of the left hand. It had different abilities and even opinions and emotional states than the neighboring left hemisphere (2). These discoveries led to a model of hemispheric specialization of normal human brain function, with an analytic, verbal, problem solving left hemisphere and a visuospatial, syntheti c, creative right hemisphere (1, 2). The formation of this model in turn offers insight into the brains of the observers as well as the observed. The observers' behavior supported some of their own hypotheses about the human brain, split or unsplit. The term "split-brain" is commonly used to describe a person whose corpus callosum has been surgically severed (3). The corpus callosum, comprised of approximately 200 million neuronal fibers connecting the left and right hemispheres of brain, exists only in mammals' brains, and is largest in human brains (1, 3). Until the 1960's neuroscientists were unsure what purpose the corpus callosum served (3). By observing deficits in split brains' functions, scientists could better assess the corpus callosum's function (1). Roger Sperry and his colleagues pioneered the operation severing the corpus callosum, known as callosal commisurectomy, in the 1960s, as a last ditch effort to control the seizures of life threateningly severe epilepsy by creating a fire wall to prevent electrical impulses from traveling between hemispheres (1). This treatment was successful, and after recovering from the surgery, the split-brain patients appeared normal in every day interactions and even during a routine physical exam (1). However, Sperry and his colleagues, after extensive and specific neurological tests of split brain patients, posited that the corpus callosum communicated stimuli and responses between the two hemispheres, each specialized for different cognitive functions (1). Using a tachistoscope, Sperry delivered visual stimuli to a single visual field of the subject (1). He discovered that, with the exception of olfactory stimuli, the hemispheres of the brain receive sensory stimuli and exercise motor control contralaterally (1, 3, 5).

The Fencing Problem - Mathematics :: Math Coursework Mathematics

The Fencing Problem Introduction ============ I have been given 1000 meters of fencing and my aim is to find out the maximum area inside. ====================================================================== Prediction ---------- I would predict that the more sides the shape has, then possibly the bigger the area it will have, although I have nothing to base this on, it will be what I am about to investigate. Shapes: I am going to start with the rectangle, I think this is a good starting block because I am able to vary the widths and lengths to see which has the bigger area. If I discover that the rectangles with equal sides i.e. square bring me the best result, then I will try to direct my investigation into furthering that particular theory. Rectangles ---------- [IMAGE] Area = 40 000 m2 ================ [IMAGE] Area = 60 000 m2 [IMAGE] Area = 62 500 m2 It appears that the square shape has a bigger area, I would possibly say that this is because the square has two bigger numbers, which are multiplied together to give a greater number than when a big number is multiplied with a smaller number. However, I cannot take this for granted and I think using one more shape will be useful in order to back up my theory. [IMAGE] Area = 52 500m This proves my theory regarding squares and I shall now put my results into a graph to show what I have found. Length (m) Width (m) Area (m) 400 100 40 000 300 200 60 000 250 250 62 500 150 350 52 500 I will now further my investigation by looking at shapes of a different nature: [IMAGE] Regular Pentagon ---------------- The regular pentagon has 5 sides, and as we get 1000m of fencing, this means each side will be 200m (1000Â ¸5=200).

David Suzuki Essay

David Suzuki is an award-winning environmentalist, scientist and broadcaster. He also dabbles in radio and television series that go into detail about the complexities of the natural sciences in an easy and fascinating way. Finish Intro Paragraph – any tips, mother? David Suzuki is first and foremost, a geneticist. He graduated from Amherst College in 1958 with an honors degree in biology. He moved onto graduate school at the University of Chicago with a PhD in Zoology. Suzuki’s first academic position was an assistant professor in Genetics at the University of Alberta. After his assistant practices at Alberta, he moved on to where he now resides, at the University of British Columbia. David Suzuki has been honored with many awards. In 1972, he was awarded the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship for being an outstanding research scientist under the age of thirty-five and he held that award for three years straight. He won many academic awards and holds twenty-five honorary degrees in Canada, the United States, and Australia. Suzuki has written fifty-two books, including nineteen children books. He wrote a textbook, in 1976, named An Introduction to Genetic Analysis that is the most widely used genetics textbook in the United States. This book has been translated into many other languages, including Italian, Spanish, Greek, Indonesian, Arabic, French, and German. Suzuki has not only tinkered around in writing, but broadcasting as well. In 1974, he developed and hosted a science program called Quirks and Quarks that was displayed on CBC radio for four years. Since then, he has presented two documentary CBC radio series relating to the environment, named It’s a Matter of Survival and From Naked Ape to Superspecies. His national television debut began with CBC in 1971 when he wrote and hosted his two season series, Suzuki on Science. He created and hosted a number of television specials, and in 1979, he became of host of The Nature of Things with David Suzuki, which rewarded him with numerous awards. He participated in a series, A Planet for the Taking, which won an award from the United Nations. In 2002, he received an award for his broadcasting excellence. David Suzuki is also a world leader in sustainable ecology. He is the recipient of many world-known prizes and medals, and has been granted with the Right Livelihood Award, which is known as the Alternative Nobel Prize. Not only has he received awards and presented series, but also he has co-founded his own Foundation. Suzuki felt as  though he was just â€Å"a messenger telling people about the crisis that is happening† and that he didn’t have any solutions (Suzuki 219). As he was working on making people more aware, he was receiving feedback of people feeling motivated from his words. With this feedback, Suzuki realized that he â€Å"had a responsibility to suggest potential answers† (Suzuki 220). With the help of Tara Cullis, an award-winning writer and former professor at Harvard University, the David Suzuki Foundation was instituted on September 14th, 1990. The goals of the Foundation are to protect the climate, create livable communities, establish environmental rights and justice, transform the economy, connect with nature, and build the community. The David Suzuki Foundation has worked with doctors to fight for clean air, published energy solutions, brought voices from NHL hockey players and Olympic Skiers to advocate for going carbon neutral, helped governments ban pesticides, protected species at risk, researched contaminants in farmed salmon, and worked with chefs to switch to sustainable seafood. The Foundation has even addressed economics, assessing the value of greenbelts (an area which is kept and reserved to ensure that there is open space), farmland, and other ecological services, and published a guide on how businesses can shrink their environmental impact. Nat ure sustains the economy. At least that is what Herman Daly, a senior economist at World Bank and teacher at University of Maryland’s School of Public Affairs, states in David Suzuki’s (and Holly Dressel’s) book, From Naked Ape to Superspecies. Daly states that, â€Å"’you sacrifice some of the natural system when you convert it into man-made things’† (Dressel and Suzuki ?). There needs to be a balance between the costs and benefits. In the past, there hasn’t been a focus on that balance. A cause of this unbalance and sacrificing lays with corporations. In Professor Brad Howard’s Journalism 190 class, the movie, The Corporation, was assigned for the students to watch. The Corporation is a Canadian documentary film that examines the modern-day corporation. The corporation is legally bound to put its bottom line ahead of everything, even the public good. In From Naked Ape to Superspecies, corporations are explained from a variety of sources. Jane Ann Morris, a corporate anthologist who works with a group called Program on Corporations, Law, and Democracy, stated that corporations have squeezed themselves into democracy, replacing the human persons. Even though the corporations are not people, they have been given  the same rights. The corporations are â€Å"reducing the rights of humans† (Suzuki and Dressel ?) and putting itself ahead of the people. According to the textbook in Brad’s class, The Problem of the Media by McChesney, â€Å"corporate societies† or â€Å"corporations† are corporate bodies that are legally authorized to act as a single individual. Brad assigned an academic journal for us to read, called Corporations, Democracy, and the Public Good by Stephen Barley. Barley states a thesis about the republic, â€Å"people are now separated from their representatives by an asteroid belt of organizations and among the most powerful of these are corporations and their trade associations† (Barley 203). In an interview with Lynette Thorstensen in Habitat Australia, David Suzuki stated that this situation with the corporations is not beyond the people’s grasp just yet. What is needed to occur are regulations and controls on the global level. An example that Suzuki provides is if a multinational company was found to be profiting through the dumping of wastes, the company should be fined to such a degree that continuing to behave like a pirate would cost more than the actual profit. Suzuki thinks that we need to keep the corporations exposed. David Suzuki is related to journalism and corporations, or at least his opinions are. Sustainable ecology is related to journalism and corporations. David Suzuki is a world leader in sustainable ecology. In order for the environment to be protected, the government needs to be involved. In order for the government to prosper, the environment needs to be cared for. As an environmental enthusiast, I had no clue that corporations played such a crucial role in the environment issues. Not only was I unaware about how the corporations were linked with environment issues, but I did not know that David Suzuki had ever addressed it. I think that’s something that Brad has tried to include in the class – corporations and their hiding. The reason I didn’t know corporations were involved in this issue, was because corporations influence the media and by their influence, they wish to be invisible in their link with th ese issues. Framing is what they call it. Framing is where a news media puts the shareholders first. If a corporation invests in a news media, the media shapes the information being shared and how we see topics/issues. So, I didn’t get to see the corporation’s influences, since they didn’t want the public to see them. Framing is a popular topic in Brad’s class. The media  frames issues all over the place. So once I discovered that issue among David Suzuki’s research, my mind was opened and aware. I think it all brings a new light to David Suzuki. Not only does David Suzuki care about the environment and protecting it, he cares about the impact of the government and corporations. David Suzuki †¦ any tips for the conclusion, mother?