Syrian Refugees Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2577 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Refugee Essay Syrian Refugee Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The migrant crisis caused by the civil war in Syria has been reported as causing a migration crisis for Europe (Troianovski, 2015; BBC News, 2015). It is forecast that in 2015, Germany, a country which has a compassionate history of welcoming refugees, will receive 1.5 million asylum applications, double the 2014 level (BBC News, 2015). With a record influx, the government has made a commitment to spend an additional à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6 billion to support the refugees; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3 billion to aid with housing and a further à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3 billion for other expenses such as welfare benefits (The Guardian, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Syrian Refugees Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order These costs are being incurred while Germanys economy is in recovery following a recession and period of stagnation (Kollewe and Wearden, 2014), and critics are arguing that the refugees are a drain on the German economy (Froden, 2015; Scally, 2014). There is little doubt there are ongoing short term costs incurred providing for refuges; in addition to the 2015 refugee spending, the government has committed to provide an additional à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬4 billion in 2016, allocating regional states à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬670 per month for each refugee received (Reuters, 2015a). However, with initial estimates indicating only 450,000 expected arrivals (Reuters, 2015b), and economic forecasts indicating Germany could sustain an influx of up to 500,000 a year (Groden, 2015), the question becomes whether the support of the refugees is economically sustainable. In this context sustainability refers to the ability of the German government to continue with the current polices at the same level. Short Term Sustainability There are significant short term economic costs; in addition to the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬670 per refugee per month supplied by the Federal Government for 2016 there are the addition local costs (Reuters, 2015a). The refugees arrive with little or no personal possessions and many may need medical attention after a long and arduous journey, as well as accommodation (DW, 2015). The German municipalities receiving the refugees already faced a housing deficit; a recent report indicated at least 400,000 houses needed to be built each year (EurActiv, 2015). The increase in refugee arrivals exacerbates the existing deficit (EurActiv, 2015). Therefore, a significant short term cost is associated with the provision of emergency housing needs (Wagstyl, 2015). There are also welfare payments, education, and the costs of processing claims. A recent assessment has indicated the total cost for municipalities was approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12,000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬13,000 per refugee per annum, including the direct and indirect costs such as housing, healthcare, and administration (CW, 2015). This appears to be a significant drain on the short term resources, and intervention of the Federal government with further aid indicates that the costs are not sustainable at municipal level (Reuters, 2015a). The concept of the short term sustainability may also be impacted by public opinion, as the money provided comes from the public purse. In 2012 a survey of German nationals indicated that two thirds believe that migrants were a strain on the economy (Scally, 2014). This is often accompanied by local residents fears that migrants will take jobs from locals, driving down wages, as well as increased pressure on the public purse due to lower taxes, and increased demand for welfare payments to supplement low wages (Kerr and Kerr, 2013; Migration and Integration Research Department, (MIRD), 2005). If these perceptions are correct, then it would appear the current German policy towards refug ees is unsustainable. However, the perceptions are not necessarily accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the longer term economic impact of the refugees on Germany. Long Term Sustainability There is little disagreement that the refugees will cause short-term costs. However, while fears regarding the long-term cost of refugees and migrants were highlighted in past research, with the perceptions of an ongoing net cost, general research appears to indicate immigrants, including settled refugees, frequently make positive net contribution towards the economies in which they reside (Kerr and Kerr, 2013; Brucker and Jahn, 2011; MIRD, 2005). The association with the short term situation of refugees, arriving with little, reliant on the goodwill of the state, is frequently assumed to continue (Jacobsen, 2005). However, after an initial settlement period, research indicates refugees are often positive contributors, finding long-term jobs and making net contributions towards the welfare state (Bonin, 2014; Jacobsen, 2005). In Germany, there are some additional long-term issues to consider. The existing German population is shrinking; Germany has one of the worlds lowest birth rates (Groden, 2015; Giugliano, 2015; Fitzenberger, Kohn, and Qingwei, 2011). This demographic pattern is leading to a disproportionate distribution of the population, with current official estimates indicating a shortage of younger workers to sustain the economy as older workers retire (Groden, 2015). Furthermore, the issue is not only a shortage of workers, but the crisis facing the budget and the state pension system. For example, it is forecast by 2060 there will only be two active workers to every one retiree (Groden, 2015). As the German pension system pays current pension claims out of current taxation, this exponentially increases the taxation burden on future generations (Evans, 2013). Therefore, the current demographic profile of Germany indicates that an influx of new young labour may prove significant in resolving an existing demographic imbalance in the current population (Groden, 2015). The issue is not only the influx of the younger labour, but the type of labour entering the market; different workers may generate different levels of economic value based on their skills (Jacobsen, 2005). Where refugees arriving have few skills, they have few job opportunities, often entering into low paid jobs, generating lower levels of tax (Kerr and Kerr, 2013; Jacobsen, 2005). This scenario leads to concerns regarding job loses for nationals, low wages, and competition for low paying jobs resulted in declining wages (Papastergiadis, 2013; Jacobsen, 2005). Displacement of existing workers and lower wages may result in negative economic impacts, reducing aggregate income and the tax receipts. However, while this may be a problem with reference to some refugees, it does not necessarily apply to all, as many refugees may have economically valuable knowledge and skills, from engineers and technicians through to drivers, builders, and service professionals (Papastergiadis, 2013). In past research profiling Syrian refugees, it was found a significant level have a wide range of skills and experience, with approximately 46% classified as semiskilled, and 12% as skilled (ILO, 2013). From this profile, there is a great potential for many Syrian refugees to make significant long-term contributions towards, but there are some significant unknown variables, the potential value may be influenced by the skill levels of the refugees (Bonin, 2014). In recent research undertaken by the Centre for European Economic Research for The Bertelsmann Foundation projections were made regarding the existing and potential impact of immigration on the German economy, bringing all these factors together, including the existing low birth rate, and consideration of the labour shortage and skills (Bonin, 2014). It was found that in 2012, the 6.6 million residents in Germany with foreign citizenship made a net contribution of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬147.9 billion surplus in taxes, after accounting for welfare transfers (Bonin, 2014). It was noted this surplus was created de spite a substantially weaker position of the foreign nationals in the labour market, when compared to German nationals (Bonin, 2014), an assumption which may be directly comparable to the current Syrian refugee crisis. Importantly, when assessing the long-term sustainability, the study found Germany needed immigration. Without any further immigration budget deficits would rise significantly to a level equating approximately 146.6% of the GDP by 2060 (Bonin, 2014). This would equate to a requirement for additional lump-sum contributions of approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1,082 per employee per year (Bonin, 2014). However, this deficit decreases with the presence of migrants (Bonin, 2014). It was estimated that if there were 200,000 immigrants per annum, where 20% of which had no skills, 50% medium skills, 30% high skills, rather than a deficit, the existing population would benefit by approximately à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬406 per annum (Bonin, 2014). In addition, it was noted that despite these calculations, an annual net immigration of 200,000 people would not be enough to reduce the existing problems associated given the current population patterns and demographic changes (Bonin, 2014). Therefore, it appears that not only is there the potential for the long-term policy for the Syrian refugees to be sustainable, but it would help to resolve an existing German problem (Groden, 2015; Bonin, 2014). Furthermore, when considering the long-term implications, it is not only the first migrant generation that should be considered, but the subsequent generations, where children gain a German education, skills, and themselves contribute towards the German economy, often gaining increased levels of skills compared to the previous generation, and gaining higher paying jobs (Papastergiadis, 2013). However, while it appears there may be some benefits, a greater insight to the outcomes and sustainability may be considered through an examination of previous experiences, looking at scen arios where Germany has already faced large influxes of refugees and migrants. Past Experiences Germany has a long history and culture of welcoming migrants and refugees. Drawing on past experiences may help to indicate the potential future outcomes. An influx of migrants was seen following the collapse of the Berlin Wall. In 1990, a total of 397,000 people entered into Germany, 37% from the former Soviet Union, 34%, and 28% from Romania (Glitz, 2012). Notably, in the context of the Syrian refugees, all of these countries were relatively low income, with a generally lower skill profile (Glitz, 2012). Within a period of fifteen years following the fall of the Berlin wall, more than 2.8 million people had migrated to Germany (Glitz, 2012). These migrants were not refugees, but individuals wanting to live in Germany, often as a result of German heritage (Glitz, 2012). The strategy of the German government was similar to the current approach; with the migrants allocated across different regions (Glitz, 2012). In the short term, one of the fears regarding a greater prevalence t o low skill work was observed, but it was also found that over time the level of skills of the migrant population increased, as in 1996 28.3% of the immigrant group were working in low skill occupations, but this decrease to 26.1% in 2001, with a corresponding increase in the semiskilled group, from 29% in 1996, to 31.5% in 2001 (Glitz, 2012). A significant concern has been the impact on German nationals jobs. Increased participants in the workplace, resulting in increased competition for jobs is likely to result in a degree of displacement. However, displacement was not as heavy as may have been expected; for every ten jobs taken by immigrants, only 3.1 jobs for local German residents were displaced (Glitz, 2012). This displacement rate of 0.31 to 1, corresponds with previous research, when Campos-Vazquez (2008) found a displacement ratio of 0.3. Therefore, there is a net increase in jobs with job creation. While there are jobs created, there was little evidence that the incr ease in the labour market resulted in any negative wage impacts, a finding which may have been influenced by the practice in German where wages are often determined through collective agreements (Glitz, 2012). However, Fitzenberger et al. (2011) did find a higher potential level of vulnerability to low wages for female workers in the non-unionised sectors. Likewise, small declines were found in the short term in the unskilled, non-unionised, labour market (De New and Zimmerman, 1994). However, while there were some wage decreases, the research of DAmuri, Ottaviano, and Peri (2010) highlighted the fact that the wage decreases impacted primarily on the migrants, with little impact on native workers. Brucker and Jahn (2011), sought to create a general equilibrium model for integration across the entire economy, concluding that an increase of 1% in the labour force immigration would result in a wage decrease of 0.1%, research findings that were also aligned with international studies fr om areas such as United States and United Kingdom. Overall, it has been concluded that this period of migration was beneficial. The MRID (2005) found that as a direct result of immigration in Germany, between 1988 and 2003, 85,000 new jobs were created, GDP was increased by 1.3%, and the public budget benefited from net contributions of between 25 million 35 million Deutschmarks per year. Conclusion The refugee crisis for Germany is creating short term costs, but may also create long-term benefits, with the potential for the refugees to become significant contributors to the economic well-being of Germany, increasing demand for goods and services, creating new jobs, as well as generating new tax revenues. This is particularly important for Germany, where there is an existing deficit due to the low birth rate, and recognise the need for immigration. Therefore, it may be argued that the current influx is beneficial, and that it is sustainable as current short-term costs may be seen as investment for the German future, to support not only self-sufficiency within the migrants, but the German economy as a whole. References BBC News, (2015), Germany faces 1.5 million asylum claims this year, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34442121 Bonin, H, (2014), The Fiscal Effects of Foreigners and Immigration in Germany, from https://www.zew.de/en/news/2817/the-fiscal-effects-of-foreigners-and-immigration-in-germany Brucker, H, Jahn, E, (2011), Migration and wage-setting: Reassessing the labor market effects of migration, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113(2), 286-317 Campos-Vazquez, R M, (2008), The substitutability of immigrant and native labor: Evidence at the establishment level, Department of Economics, University of California, from https://doku.iab.de/fdz/events/2008/Vazquez2.pdf DAmuri, F, Ottaviano, G, Peri, G, (2010), The labor market impact of immigration in Western Germany in the 1990s, European Economic Review, 54(4), 550-570 De New, J, Zimmermann, K, (1994) Native wage impacts of foreign labor: A random effects panel analysis, Journal of Population Economics, 7(2), 177-19 DW, (2015), Refugee crisis to cost Germany 10 billion euros from https://www.dw.com/en/refugee-crisis-to-cost-germany-10-billion-euros/a-18696346 EurActiv, Morgan S, (trans.), (2015), Refugee influx tough on German housing market, from https://www.euractiv.com/sections/social-europe-jobs/refugee-numbers-tough-german-housing-market-317690 Evans, R, (2013), The Best Pensions in the World, The Telegraph, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/pensions/9902745/The-best-pensions-in-the-world.html Fitzenberger, B, Kohn, K, Qingwei, W, (2011), The erosion of union membership in Germany: Determinants, densities, decompositions, Journal of Population Economics, 24(1), 141à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"6 Giugliano, F, (2015), A short-term burden, refugees may yet boost sagging EU economy, Financial Times, from https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6d9a2214-5df0-11e5-a28b-50226830d644.html#axzz3nyQvMBfSM Glitz, A, (2012), The Labor Market Impact of Immigration: A Quasi-Experiment Exploiting Immigrant Location Rules in Germany, Journal of Labor Economics, 30(1), 175-213 Groden, C, (2015), Heres why Germany is welcoming migrants with open arms, Fortune, from https://fortune.com/2015/09/08/germany-migrant-crisis/ International Labour Organisation (ILO), (2013), Assessment of the Impact of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon and the Employment Profile, from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/arabstates/ro-beirut/documents/publication/wcms_240134.pdf Jacobsen, K, (2005), The Economic Life of Refugees, Boulder, CO, Kumarian Press Kerr, S P, Kerr, W R, (2013), Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey, Working Paper 09-13, Boston, Harvard Business School, from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/09-013_15702a45-fbc3-44d7-be52-477123ee58d0.pdf Kollewe, J, Wearden, G, (2014), Eurozone growth figures: Germany narrowly avoids triple-dip recession, The Guardian, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/14/germany-france-eurozone-gdp Migration and Integration Research Department, (MIRD), (2005), The Impact of Immigration on Germanys Society, NÃÆ' ¼rnberg, Federal Office for Migration and Refugees Papastergiadis, N, (2013), The Turbulence of Migration: Globalization, Deterritorialization and Hybridity, London, John Wiley Sons Reuters, (2015a), UPDATE 3-German government boosts funding to states for refugees, from https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/24/europe-migrants-germany-funding-idUSL5N11U30Z20150924 Reuters, (2015b), Berlin to double funding to states, cities to deal with migrants, from https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-to-double-funding-to-states-cities-to-deal-with-migrants/a-18512658 Scally, D, (2014), Germanys foreign-nationals give more than they take, says report, The Irish Times,from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/germany-s-foreign-nationals-give-more-than-they-take-says-report-1.2019357 The Guardian, (2015), Germany to spend extra à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6bn to fund record influx of 800,000 refugees, The Guardian, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/07/germany-to-spend-an-extra-6bn-to-fund-record-influx-of-800000-refugees Troianovski, A, (2015), Migrant Crisis: Germany Gets Tough on Those Who Dont Qualify for Asylum, The Wall Street Journal, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/migrant-crisis-germany-gets-tough-on-those-who-dont-qualify-for-asylum-1443133537 Wagstyl, S, (2015), European Refugee Influx Leads to Temporary Housing Bonanza, Financial Times, from https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/668b4bd0-3b75-11e5-bbd1-b37bc06f590c.html

Maturity in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Maturity in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn To live with fear and not be afraid is the greatest sign of maturity. If this is true, then Mark Twains Huck Finn is the greatest example of maturity. Huck is the narrator of Twains book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the book Huck, a young boy from the American South, travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. The two encounter many adventures and meet many different people. Along the way, not only does Huck mature, but he also becomes a kind and loyal person, sometimes going against the values of society. This is shown through his many experiences with the Duke and the King, the Peter Wilks scam, and Jim.†¦show more content†¦He feels bad for the three daughters, because the Duke and the King are trying to take their late father, Peters, money. While talking to the eldest daughter, Mary Jane, Huck establishes himself as a kind and compassionate person in general. Miss Mary Jane, you cant a-bear to see people in trouble, and I cant--most always. (28). This shows that, no matter who the person, Huck can not stand to see anyone go through pain. Later, in the same situation, Huck becomes close to these girls and can not bear to see the two frauds take advantage of the girls any longer. Huck resolves to expose the two. He says to Mary Jane, I got to tell you the truth, Miss Mary...These uncles of yourn aint no uncles at all; theyre a couple of frauds.(28). Although Huck has not known the Wilks girls long, he still has a kind heart toward them. In terms of society, Huck should keet allegiance to the two frauds, because he has known them for a while and they are treating him well. However, Huck is able to foresee the pain that this will cause the girls later. Such kindness is rare in a human. Finally, Huck displays not only kindness, but great loyalty, towards his best friend, a runaway slave named Jim. 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Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Evolution and Subsidiary Development. Answer: Introduction: Globalization of business enterprise operations has called for the development of strategic management of human resources to increase organizational performance on the international market. This was the case of Telespazio, a space services company which after operating for some years in the space industry and making great achievement including collaboration with NASA to launch a modern space device (Baird et al. 2017). Due to the expansion and penetration into global markets, the company introduced a new Intl HRM Model or framework in the year 2010. The new model or framework was brought to reorganize the functions of the HR department to provide a new direction for the company in a bid to make the operations and activities of the company more market was driven. However, the company has faced a paradox or some paradoxes as it was faced with a great need for a more articulated structure which would manage its global dimension and growth of the companys activities and operations in foreign markets. The model, therefore, was designed to focus on the company business strategy of venturing into the global market. The company faced a major challenge of the dual line authority brought to the HR Management since the new system brought about a dual line authority different from the existing one which was done by an individual vested with such authority. The company also faced a major challenge in deciding on how to manage any potential conflict resulting from the model. Lastly, the company was not able to establish whether the responsibility for company employee evaluations was to be shared between two managers as the model provided or was it to be allocated to a single supervisor. The development and adoption of the new HRM model would bring or add more value to the company in that the model would offer double reporting with a strong controlling for local, regional and global business. The model or framework also provides a platform where company responsibilities can be allocated to different central and local businesses (Deepa et al. 2014). The model will also offer a simultaneous control of the company market and business strategies and therefore provides an opportunity for the company to take advantage of the synergies. Such features of the model, therefore, provide the company with effective organization of the human resource in a bid to improve the company performance on the global and international market due to its penetration of the foreign markets. Decision point adoption of a double rating system To for the company to decide on whether it should adopt a double rater system or should give the responsibility for performance appraisal to either the business manager or the county manager then it is important we examine the effectiveness of both options. This is because the effectiveness of performance appraisal measures is only achieved when there are reliability and validity as well as sensitivity and fairness (Dusterhoff et al. 2014). Performance appraisal is very important in any company or organization as it the company with a platform to access its employee performance by comparing their already existing or present performance with some established standards which the organization requires that should be communicated to the employees in advance. It is normally guided by the objective of providing feedback to employees to improve their performance as required by the company (Deepa et al. 2014). Performance appraisal is, therefore, a systematic and objective way of judging the relative worth of the ability of an employee performing his or her given task. To the immense business operations resulting from globalization of the company operations and activities, the human resource management of Telespazio Space Services Company should adopt a double rating system as a measure of conducting its performance appraisal. With the growth of the business operations the human resource functions and requirements also increase calling for the need of a more reliable system of performance appraisal as these functions cannot rely on only one supervisor. However, the supervisors would also provide an important role in offering guidance to the employees as the double rating system may not meet certain criteria which come in the accessing the usefulness of the performance appraisal feedback. The double rating system will, therefore, provide the company with information and support needed to make positive behavior by obtaining reports and comparing them (Maingin, 2017). It gives the managers an opportunity to evaluate and tap important competencies from the employees which a single supervisor due to the economies of scale of the company may not establish (Baird et al., 2017). It will be obtained from the features of the new model which offers a double reporting offer with a strong controlling model for both the local and global businesses of the company. The system also provides the company a feedback process which summarizes the inputs from the rates and therefore helps the managers in interpreting and also acting upon the feedback appropriately. It is because, under the double rating system, responsibilities are allocated differently for the local and central business. Therefore it makes it easy to measure the performance of the employees in local or central business gi ven the rating scale and the managers inputs in a reliable, sensible and fair manner. An essential aspect of performance appraisal is usually in providing or obtaining feedback from different peers, direct reports or even from the company supervisors which in most cases is very difficult and sensitive due to the lack of clarity of whom owns the feedback (Hood et al., 2016). The system, therefore, gives more clarity as the ratings are not shared only to specific individuals or channels but advocates that the results must be shared with the organization including the employees to achieve its purpose of appraisal without creating conflicts of uncertainties. However, no matter how the HRM Model may be helpful, the double rate system does not meet some standards required to make an appraisal decision based on the performance score and therefore calls for the assistance of experienced coaches or managers for the feedback from the rating system to make meaningful developments in employee performance appraisal. The decision on the transfer of the company appraisal system to foreign subsidiaries depends on the other factors which may need to be examined before embarking on the process. Such factors may include the culture, the existing systems as well as the managerial and leadership styles employed by the foreign subsidiaries (Garca-Chas et al. 2014). For instance, the French subsidiaries have been characterized to have a strong national culture which may influence and affect the effectiveness of the system due to the difference n policies guiding working relations. The existence of other well established local evaluation systems in the foreign subsidiaries may also be a big challenge to effective transfer and implementation of the new appraisal system in the subsidiaries countries. It is based on the belief of majority that it is always easier for organizations to continue using an old system as is tested compared to assimilating a new system into place which comes new requirements and costs (Kaufman, 2015). Lastly, the foreign subsidiaries may be using different managerial systems and different leadership styles which are familiar to their employees. A change in the leadership and managerial styles may drastically and negatively affect the performance of the company and create conflict between the management and the employees. Recommendation on effective strategies to facilitate the process For effective implementation of a transfer plan of the company appraisal system to the foreign subsidiaries, it is important for the company to understand the culture of the foreign subsidiaries (Deepa et al. 2014). It should be done by first appreciating the cultural differences and get to understand how their subsidiaries operate and the environments with which they operate by engaging in some of the operational activities of the companies. Secondly, the company should also get to understand the already existing and established local evaluation system. It will provide them with an opportunity to understand the gaps in the systems or the weaknesses in accessing employee performance and use the strengths and benefits of the new appraisal system to show the need for a new system to the foreign subsidiaries. Thirdly the company also needs to understand the managerial systems as well as the leadership styles used by the subsidiaries to understand how the new appraisal system would fit into those systems and styles and how the new system may be of added value to the companies. This is because organizations or companies do not easily, or they rarely change their managerial systems or leadership styles as such from the culture of the organizations or companies. Without such measures and understanding, it would be very difficult for the company to transfer and implement the new appraisal system to the foreign subsidiaries. There is a great need therefore for the company to invest in understanding these factors as well as the operational, managerial and leadership difference existing between the company and the foreign subsidiaries. References Baird, J. A., Meadows, M., Leckie, G., Caro, D. (2017). Rater accuracy and training group effects in Expert-and Supervisor-based monitoring systems. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy Practice, 24(1), 44-59. Deepa, E., R. Palaniswamy, and S. Kuppusamy."Effect of performance appraisal system in organizational commitment, job satisfaction and productivity." Journal of Contemporary Management Research 8.1 (2014): 72 Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(2), 265-273. Garca-Chas, R., Neira-Fontela, E., Castro-Casal, C. (2014). High-performance work system and intention to leave: a mediation model. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(3), 367-389. Hood, N., Bikinshaw, J. (Eds.).(2016). Multinational corporate evolution and subsidiary development.Springer. Kaufman, B. E. (2015). Market competition, HRM, and firm performance: The conventional paradigm critiqued and reformulated. Human Resource Management Review, 25(1), 107-125.

The Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog Essay Example For Students

The Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog Essay The Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog It is amazing, ridiculous, and sometimes scary how the brain deals with trauma. It is also ludicrous to believe that your environment and how you are treated are not always believed to strongly affect children. The first story in this book is a very moving one. I thought it interesting and appropriate that that was his first child patient. One of the helpful people in this book that stood out to me was Mama P. Her intuitive knowledge of her babies is amazing. To have the strength and patience to bring in and care for a child like Robert is beautiful. We will write a custom essay on The Boy Who Was Raised As A Dog specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I would love to meet and learn from someone like that. One particular situation that I enjoyed learning about was the first hand count of disassociation. I have read about the symptoms of disassociation. So to read Ambers account of what happened in her mind during her disassociation was a first for me. What really surprised me was the continued neglect of these children. It Just seems like such a foreign concept to me to continually neglect children. Now it appears to be an easy concept, if a child is neglected, he/she needs more attention and care. I do realize that this is often hard in situations such as children in the foster care system, so how do we give these children the right amount of attention with limited resources? Leons story did surprise me a bit. The ignorance of the mother, and the family for that matter, is absurd. Why/how would you leave an infant for most of the day alone in an apartment while you take your other son out on a walk? Wouldnt you want to give both your children the same opportunities and ability to grow? I do not understand how the family or the husband did nothing while this was going on. On the other side of how James handled his abuse; it is surprising that such a young boy can show so much courage when he is being so abused and suppressed. After the attempts of murder on his life by his mother, as well as his other abuse that was blamed on him, he still fought for someone to believe him; when realistically, there are many adults let alone children that would have submitted and gave up! He was strong for his siblings and because of this got them out of the harmful situation they were in. It was hard for me to find something that I read in this book that I disagreed with. I think that these methods are sound and enlightening. He is someone that continues his education, and is open to learning new things from each of his patients. It seems that he does not see a need to punish the kids for the behavior they demonstrate because it does nothing for the child. I do believe in certain modified punishment, and maybe not for a long time. I do believe that these children need to be very nurtured, but when do they cross the line. When is the time you show some kind of discipline? I do not mean physical discipline, but these kids are mart; so knowing right and wrong is important. So, with any kid, what kind of discipline and teaching tactics do you use? I nls 000K really mace me aware 0T tne power 0T memory. History or patterns repeats itself, and if you only have one history, you are going to react that way. Changing patterns really helps these children (as it does everyone). Patterned and repetitive experiences have a huge impact on the brain, providing a safe environment for kids is key in any kind of recovery. For me this was most apparent in Justins case. He ever had, after 11 months, a healthy safe environment to grow in. .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .postImageUrl , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:hover , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:visited , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:active { border:0!important; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:active , .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47 .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8671b5ed87ffefb1270f14ff9f766d47:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rediscovered EssayOnce that kind of consistent environment was provided he thrived. To think that they thought he was a lost cause, brain damaged; and then this man came in, gave him the environment to thrive and he did! The more you know, the better you can help others. Learning about cases is helpful no matter who you help. He shared his story of how he had to think outside the box in order to help these children, even when some of his superiors showed little concern on how things were. This book also showed me the neuroscience erspective. I have learned about it in class, but never look and applied it to so many real life cases. I also want to look more into how peers can help children grow. Peter was loved by his adoptive parents, but his time in Russia had obvious negative effects on him. I think it is sometimes overlooked how much children really understand, and how they can help. As humans, we are weary of the unknown, so we isolate it or disregard it. By educating his classmates, he enabled them to help Peter. This bit of information will now stick with me forever. I saw the neuroscience perspective. Looking at the brain in a use-dependent matter makes perfect sense to us now, but this concept was not thought of in the past. Neural systems that are used become more dominant and vice versa. It is easy to see the application when working with traumatized children. I think that is good to know about how the brain functions and works. But there is the sensitive period, and if this timing is off, children do not reach their full potential. So then what? To concentrate on the functionality of the brain and body to ow it effects behavior is an amazing tool. At the same time it is important to include the environmental and social structure that surrounds any patient. A main question that was raised for me when reading this book was what is the best way to help a large number of children? Leon was placed in an intervention program that put him with other disturbed childrenwhich research shows that this escalates bad behavior. It is not realistic to treat Americas disturbed youth on a one on one basis. Even thought this would be the best scenario, it is not possible. So hat else can be done to help intervention programs be successful? The Davidian compound and story still complexes me. I know this happens all across America, but I cannot understand this way of living. To live in constant fear of one man and his sadistic rules is foreign to me. I suppose if you feel like you cannot get out, you do form learned helplessness. I Just think that there has to be some kind of human instinct that tells you to run and get out. So why do people go back to these groups? Why did some of the children in Waco, Texas return to that religion, hen they saw what it did to their friends and family? My inner experience while reading all the chapters is the strength of these children. Of course the belief that children can Just bounce back from traumatic experiences Is Talse, out to see wnat tney ao go tnrougn, It Is amazing tnat tney can become functional at all. Disbelief and amazement would be the two main things I felt while reading this book. For example: the stories of the satanic panic were horrible. At the same time, how he deciphered the kids memories was amazing. He by chance fell onto using the heart monitor.

Dr. Leta Stetter Hollingworth essays

Dr. Leta Stetter Hollingworth essays Leta Stetter Hollingworth, a pioneer of educational psychology, was born in Chadron, Nebraska, to Margaret D. Stetter and John G. Stetter. Stetter was the first of three children born on May 25, 1886. Following her birth were younger sisters Ruth Elinor and Margaret Carley. Her mother was a gentle, petite woman who died immediately after the birth of Margaret. After her death, her father became preoccupied with his career as a migrant farmer and social life and neglected his family. At the age of three, her father abandoned the family and left the girls with their maternal grandparents to raise for the next ten years. It was not until the age of 12 when her father remarried that their family reunited, but it was not a pleasant experience. Stetter began to miss her grandparents and long for her mother, more so now than ever. Their household was also plagued with both alcoholism and neglect from both parents. Stetter kept a journal of her thoughts regarding the events and experiences that were going on in her life. In her journal, Stetter wrote about the pain that she suffered from by being taken away from a loving environment and being placed in one filled with unhappiness. She often referred to this period of her life as the fiery furnace. By the age of 14, Stetters talent for writing resulted in the publication of one of her first poems entitled Lone Pine in the Valentine Newspaper, which she compares her existence to that of a solitary landmark not far from her home. In 1902, at the age of 16, Stetter graduated from Valentine High School and entered the University of Nebraska. While at the university, Stetters talents flourished. She recognized for her writing abilities and was active as the literary editor of the Daily Nebraskan, the associate editor of the Sombrero (the undergraduate annual of the university), assistant editor of the Senior Book, and class poet for the c...

Innovation and Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Innovation and Change - Assignment Example 7) and he argued that entrepreneurs are those who perform and carry out new combinations by finding and taking opportunities to be seized to create new products or service and to establish a new marketable contribution to the economy (McDaniel, 2002, p. 57). Innovation is one of the most vital constituents in advancing living standard and wealth creation. Innovation may occur from different guises, but the roles played by both large scale and small to medium sized enterprises in creating innovation and translating the same to useful needs and wants to be met by customers in the market are undeniably critical. Since Schumpeter argued that entrepreneur is an innovator in 1950s, many researchers investigated the relationship between innovation and performance and examined whether small to medium or large scale enterprises are better at innovating than the other (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012, p. 257). The importance of Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as drivers for econ omic development and for improved social wellbeing has been increasingly acknowledged. Moreover, innovation capacity is a critical requirement for the survival of SMEs (Wolf, Kaudela-Baum, Meissner, 2011, p. 242) mainly because better entrepreneurs are those who are good at innovating and therefore they are found to be successful. This piece of research paper investigates the argument that small to medium sized enterprises are better at innovating than large scale businesses and examines how successful are SMEs in innovating their goods or services. In order to analyze and critically evaluate the argument, this paper explains the meaning and conceptual framework of SMEs, addresses their role in the economy and explains why they are considered as important in terms of its contribution to innovation. Small and medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute the vast majority of all businesses in almost all the countries and they play a very central role in the economy. SMEs are the major sources of entrepreneurial skills, innovation and employment that in turn help the economy grow further. Analoui and Karami (2003, p. 25) defined SMEs as one that has only a small share of its concerned market and is managed in a personalized way by its owner or part-owner, but not through a medium of an elaborate management system. SMEs are not sufficiently large to get access to the capital market for publically issuing of securities. Researchers used different constructs such as annual sales, number of employees, value added, value of assets, annual profits etc to define and explain SMEs. Out of these constructs, number of employees and annual sales are most often used to delimit the category of SMEs. For most researchers, a small to medium sized firm is one that employs no more than 250 persons and is having annual sales of not more than ?50 million (Analoui and Karami, 2003, p. 26). According to OECD, SMEs are non-subsidiary and independ ent firms that employ less than a given number of people. The most frequent upper

The Leaders Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Leaders Preparation - Essay Example (Zechariah 4:6). A Spiritual leader must remember that he does not operate on his agenda, but God's agenda. The six steps to leadership by Robert Clinton are important for development of effective leaders. This essay will discuss on the main points of "The Leader's Vision" In chapter four. All leaders must have a clear vision. The leader must be able to inspire people and articulate their vision to the followers. However, the most important question one must ask is, where does the vision come from Secular leaders look first to the past history and try to duplicate success. However, God rarely works the same way trice, therefore for a Spiritual leader this model of duplication may prove ineffective. Spiritual leaders should always rely on the Words of God and be sure that their vision is within the will of God. Spiritual leaders should learn to discern to understand God's vision. Christian views of strong leaders are in sharp contrast to world views. In the Gospel Christ demonstrates strength through weakness of people. The world view is one of human strength and human will. Jesus Christ focused on small groups and individuals. The world continues to look at large numbers of people equ ating to success, which stands in contrast to the teaching of Jesus Christ. The primary objective for all Christian Spiritual leaders is it to bring glory to God. The leader must operate as a vessel for the Holy Spirit to operate in, without the leader getting in the way of the will of the Lord. 15. This essay will discuss the main points of Chapter four "Natural and Spiritual Leadership". Li Hung Chang a leader in China said, "There are three kinds of people- those who are immovable, those who are movable, and those who move them." We as Spiritual leaders must realize that there is no such thing as a self-made Spiritual leader." (p28). Christian leaders are made and led by the Holy Spirit. However, people do need to have natural leadership skills. An effective leader does not happen at the moment of conversion. The leader must remember to not major in the minors, and become distracted by minute details. The leader should always have the ability to make clear and decisive decisions. Furthermore, they must be able to focus on priorities and understand his or her weakness. Jesus Christ said, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness." (2 Corinthians 12:7). Therefore, make decisions based on the strength and power of Jesus Christ. The final objective should be for his glory. 16. This essay will discuss the main points of chapter 5 "Can You Become a Leader" Many leaders in church today look for leaders based on prestige or education. However, Jesus ignored the world view of leaders. Jesus started with individuals who were untrained and without social prestige. For one to be an effective leader he or she must investigate their potential for leadership. A leader must remain calm in crisis and show restraint. A strong leader will be willing to listen to other views and handle criticism. Leaders should always think before speaking. People must have trust in their leaders; one misspoken word can decrease the credibility of the leader.